1. Needle Coke: He Tauira Noa o te Whakaiti Iti me te Kiato Pono Teitei
- Ngā Āhuatanga Hanganga: He hanganga muka, he hanganga roa rānei te ngira kōke, me ngā pūwero porowhita roa kua whakaritea kia rite te raupapa. He tino pai te kaha o tēnei hanganga ki te whakakī i te wā e whakapūkaratia ana.
- Te Whakaiti i te Whakapūngao:
- He iti noa te tere mimiti o te ngira kōka, mai i te 10% ki te 20%. Ka tutuki te mimiti i roto i tōna hanganga muka mā te whakarerekētanga ngota me te katinga o ngā pūwero i raro i ngā pāmahana tiketike, ā, mā te whakaritenga tika o ngā pūwero ka whakaitihia te wāhi mō te mimiti koretake, ā, ka whakaitihia te tere mimiti whānui.
- Hei tauira, i te 1300°C te whakapūkara, ko te whakahekenga rōrahi o te ngira kōka he haurua noa iho i te kōka hautai, nā te mea he kaha ki te marara ōrite te ahotea wera.
- Te Matotoru Tuturu:
- He tino matotoru te ngira kōka, ā, ko te tikanga ka eke ki te 2.10–2.15 karamu/cm³. E whakaatu ana tēnei i tōna taumata teitei o te whakakāwhata me te hanganga tioata matotoru, e pā tata ana ki te whakaritenga raupapa o ngā paparanga waro i roto i tōna hanganga muka.
- E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau ko te mātotoru tūturu o te ngira kōka he 5%–10% teitei ake i te kōka hautai, nā te iti ake o ngā hapa hanganga me te kikī ake o te puranga paparanga waro.
2. Te Kōka Hautai: He Tauira Noa o te Whakaiti Nui me te Matotoru Tuturu Iti
- Ngā Āhuatanga Hanganga: He rite te hanganga o te hautai ki te hautai, he rite ki te pūwero, he rerekē te rahi, he whānui hoki ngā pūwero, he angiangi ngā pakitara waro, ā, he pakarukaru hoki.
- Te Whakaiti i te Whakapūngao:
- He nui te tere mimiti o te kōka hautai, mai i te 30% ki te 50%. Ko tōna hanganga pūwero koretake ka ngawari ki te hinga i ngā pūwero i te wā e whakapūkarahia ana nā te tukunga pūngāwerewere me te kukū o te ahotea wera, ka hua ake te mimiti nui.
- Hei tauira, i te whakapūkaratanga 1200°C, ka neke atu pea te whakahekenga rahinga o te kōka hautai i te 40%, he nui ake i tērā o te kōka ngira.
- Te Matotoru Tuturu:
- He iti te mātotoru tūturu o te kōka hautai, i waenga i te 1.90 me te 2.05 g/cm³. Nā te maha o ngā pūwero toenga me te whakaritenga koretake o ngā paparanga waro i roto i tōna hanganga, ka hua ake he maha ngā hapa tioata.
- Ki te whakatauritea ki te ngira kōka, ko te mātotoru tūturu o te kōka hautai he 10%–15% te iti iho, nā te kore e ranea te mātotorutanga.
3. Shot Coke: He Āhua Waenga me te Whakaiti Taurite me te Matotoru Tuturu
- Ngā Āhuatanga Hanganga: He porowhita, he rite rānei ki te pirepire te āhua o te shot coke, he mata mārō, he torutoru ngā pūwero, e tohu ana i te hanganga takawaenga i waenga i te ngira coke me te hautai coke.
- Te Whakaiti i te Whakapūngao:
- Ko te tere mimiti o te kōka pupuhi he 20% ki te 30%. Ka mimiti tōna hanganga porowhita nā te kukū o te mata i te wā e whakapūkaratia ana, engari nā te iti o te pūngao o roto ka whakawhāiti i te kaha mimiti.
- Hei tauira, i te whakapūkaratanga 1250°C, ko te whakahekenga rōrahi o te kōka pupuhi ka eke ki te 25%, kei waenganui i te kōka ngira me te kōka hautai.
- Te Matotoru Tuturu:
- Ko te matotoru tūturu o te kōka pupuhi he mea noa i waenga i te 2.00 me te 2.10 karamu/cm³. He pai ake tōna matotoru hanganga i te kōka hautai engari he iti iho i te kōka ngira, ā, ka hua ake he matotoru tūturu waenga.
- E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau ko te matotoru tuturu o te kōka pupuhi he 5% teitei ake i te kōka hautai engari 3%–5% iti iho i te kōka ngira.
He Tātaritanga Whānui o ngā Hononga Hanganga-Taonga
- Tikanga Whakaiti:
- Mā te hanganga muka raupapa o te ngira kōka ka whakaiti i ngā ara mimiti koretake, ka whakaheke i tōna tere mimiti; mā te hanganga pūwero koretake o te kōka hautai ka nui te mimiti nā te hinga o ngā pūwero; mā te hanganga porowhita o te kōka pupuhi ka tutuki te mimiti taurite mā te kukū mata.
- Tikanga Matotoru Tuturu:
- He hononga tika te mātotoru tūturu ki te whakakīkītanga hanganga tioata. Ko te whakaritenga paparanga waro kua whakaritea me te mātotoru iti o te ngira kōka ka hua ake he mātotoru tūturu teitei; ko te hanganga koretake me ngā pūwero toenga o te kōka hautai ka whakaiti i te mātotoru tūturu; ko te kōka pupuhi he āhuatanga waenga.
- Ngā Taunakitanga mō te Arotau Tukanga:
- Mō ngā tono e hiahia ana kia iti te whakahekenga me te kiato tūturu teitei (hei tauira, ngā irahiko karāhe mana-teitei), ko te kōka ngira te mea e pai ake ana;
- Mō ngā tono e aro nui ana ki te utu me ngā whakaritenga mahi iti iho (hei tauira, te wahie), he pai ake pea te kōka hautai, te kōka pupuhi rānei;
- Mā te whakarerekē i te pāmahana whakawera (hei tauira, i runga ake i te 1300°C) me te tere whakamahana (hei tauira, i raro iho i te 50°C/min) ka taea te whakapai ake i te kiato tuturu me te mimiti o te ngira kōka.
Wā tuku: Paenga-whāwhā-09-2026