Tātari Tikanga:
Te Āhua Pahūtanga (Pahūtanga):
- Te tere o te putanga mai o ngā mea pūngāwerewere: Ina teitei te ihirangi pūngāwerewere i roto i te petroleum coke, i te mea ka piki te pāmahana i te wā tuatahi o te whakapūngāwerewere, ka tere te putanga mai o ngā mea pūngāwerewere. Mēnā he tere rawa te putanga mai, ka nui te pēhanga mamaoa e hangaia ana i roto i ngā matūriki petroleum coke, ka pakaru.
- Te whakahaere pāmahana hē: Ka puta te nui rawa o te matū pupuhi i ngā pāmahana whakapūkara i waenga i te 600–700°C. Mēnā ka tere rawa te pikinga o te pāmahana i tēnei wā, ka puta kaha te matū pupuhi, ka nui ake te pakaru.
Te āhuatanga o te whakaheke toto:
- Te tahunga kore-oti o ngā mea pūngāwerewere: I te wā e whakapūngāwerewerehia ana te kōka hinu tere-oti, ka puta he nui o te pango waro me ngā matūriki kāore anō kia tahuna i te tahunga kore-oti o ngā mea pūngāwerewere.
- Te rewa o te pungarehu: Ka rewa te pungarehu i roto i te petroleum coke i ngā pāmahana tiketike, ka honoa ki ngā matūriki kāore anō kia tahuna hei hanga i ngā ranunga eutectic iti-ira rewa e piri ana ki ngā pakitara oumu, ki ngā taputapu rānei, ka hua ake te para.
- Te pāmahana nui rawa: Ina nui ake te pāmahana whakapūkara i te pāmahana whakangawari o te pungarehu, ka rewa te pungarehu, ka piri, ka hanga he para.
Ngā Mahi Ārai:
Te Whakahaere i te Pāmahana Whakawera me te Tere Whakawera:
- Te whakamahana wāhanga: I te wāhanga tuatahi o te whakapūkara, whakamahia he tere whakamahana iti ake kia taea ai e te mea pūngāwerewere te puta mārire, kia kore ai e nui rawa te pēhanga mamaoa o roto. Hei tauira, mā te whakamahana mārire i mua i te 900°C ka taea te whakapai ake i te hua tuturu.
- Te whakahaere i te pāmahana o te atamira pāmahana teitei: I ngā pāmahana teitei (hei tauira, 1240–1300°C), whakaitihia te tere whakamahana kia pai ake ai te kiato tūturu me te ātete ki te waikura o te kōka kua whakawerahia, kia iti ake ai te tūponotanga o te para.
Te Arotau i te Mahi a te Taputapu Whakapūkara:
- Kia iti te taumata o ngā rauemi: I roto i ngā oumu kohua, kia iti te taumata o ngā rauemi kia tere ai te pana o te hinu kōka i ngā mea pupuhi, kia iti ai te wā e noho ai i roto i te oumu, kia iti ai hoki te tūponotanga o te para.
- Whakanuia te pēhanga kino: Kia mau tonu te pēhanga kino kia teitei hei whakahaere i te pana maeneene o ngā mea pupuhi me te ārai i tōna kohikohinga ki roto i te oumu.
- Horoia ngā putanga o ngā mea pupuhi i ia wā: Horoia ngā putanga o ngā mea pupuhi me ngā awa kohikohi hei ārai i ngā aukati, hei whakarite hoki kia kore e araia te putanga o ngā mea pupuhi.
Te Whakatikatika i ngā Tauwehenga Rauemi Mata:
- Te whakapūkara ranunga: Tāpirihia te kōka hinu iti-te-pūngoi, te kōka rānei kua whakapūngoitia ki te kōka hinu nui-te-pūngoi hei whakaiti i te nui o te pūngoi. Kia tika te ōwehenga me te whakaranu ōrite kia kore ai e nui te pūngoi i te rohe.
- Whakahaerehia te rahi o te matūriki o ngā rauemi mata: Tangohia ngā rauemi nunui rawa me ngā poke whakarewa hei whakaiti i te ihirangi kore-waro me ngā pūtake para.
Te Whakapai ake i ngā Tawhā Tukanga:
- Te whakahaere tika i te nui o te hāora: Kia mau tonu te nui o te hāora kia kore ai e whakaiti i ngā āhuarangi e whakaheke ana i te ira rewa o te pungarehu. Hei tauira, ina iti iho te nui o te hāora i te 5%, ka heke te ira rewa o te pungarehu mā te 100–150°C, ka piki ake te mōrearea o te para.
- Arotauhia te tohatoha hau: Whakatikatikahia te ōwehenga tohatoha hau kia rite ki te wāhanga whakapūkara kia tino tahuna ai ngā mea pūngāwerewere, kia whakaitihia ai te whakaputanga o te pango waro me ngā matūriki kāore anō kia tahuna.
Te Whakarerekētanga me te Tiaki Taputapu:
- Whakarerekētia ngā taputapu whakapūkara: Mō te kōka hinu tere-pūngoi, whakarerekētia ngā oumu hurihuri, ngā oumu kohua rānei, pērā i te tāpiri i ngā hongere tukunga matū tere-pūngoi me te arotau i te tohatoha hau o roto, kia urutau ai ki ngā whakaritenga whakapūkara o ngā rauemi tere-pūngoi.
- Arotakenga taputapu auau: Me whakarite kia mahi noa ngā taputapu hei ārai i te wera nui o te wāhi, te hau kino rānei ka arahi pea ki te paru. Hei tauira, tirohia ngā mura me ngā awa ahi, ā, horoia wawetia te pungarehu me te paru kua kohia.
Wā tuku: 14 Paenga-whāwhā 2026