Te Whakamahinga o te Karāpiti i roto i ngā Taupānga Hikohiko

Ko te graphene te ingoa o ngā kaipūtaiao me ngā miihini he paparanga kotahi o te graphite i te taumata atomika, ā, ko ēnei paparanga angiangi o te graphene kei te pōkaihia, ā, kei te whakamahia i roto i ngā nanotubes. Tērā pea nā te kawe hiko whakamiharo me te kaha me te pakari o te rauemi.

Ko te ōwehenga roa-ki-te-whānui o ngā ngongo waro o ēnei rā he 132,000,000:1 te roa, he nui ake i tētahi atu rauemi. Haunga te whakamahinga i roto i te hangarau nano, he mea hou tonu i te ao o ngā haurua-ā-ira, me mōhio ko te nuinga o ngā kaihanga karāpeti kua hanga i ngā momo karāpeti motuhake mō te umanga haurua-ā-ira mō ngā tekau tau.

2. Ngā Mōta Hiko, Ngā Hanga Pūkaha me Ngā Kaiwhakawhiti

He mea whakamahi pinepine hoki te rauemi karāpeti waro i roto i ngā motuka hiko, ngā whakaputa hiko, me ngā kaiwhakawhitiwhiti hiko i roto i te ahua o ngā paraihe waro. I tēnei wā, ko te "paraihe" he taputapu e kawe ana i te iahiko i waenga i ngā waea tūmau me te huinga o ngā wāhanga neke, ā, i te nuinga o te wā ka whakanohoia ki roto i tētahi pou hurihuri.

3. Te Whakatōnga Āniora

Kei te whakamahia whānuitia te karāpiti i roto i te umanga hikohiko. Kei te whakamahia hoki i roto i te whakaurunga katote, ngā takirua wera, ngā pana hiko, ngā pūnga iahiko, ngā transistors, me ngā pākahiko.

Ko te whakaurunga ion he tukanga hangarau e whakatereterehia ai ngā ion o tētahi rauemi i roto i tētahi mara hiko, ā, ka pāngia ki tētahi atu rauemi, hei momo whakakī. Ko tētahi o ngā tukanga matua e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga maramara iti mō ā tātou rorohiko hou, ā, ko ngā ngota karāpiti tētahi o ngā momo ngota e whakauruhia ana ki roto i ēnei maramara iti e hangai ana ki te silicon.

Haunga te tūranga ahurei o te karāpeti i roto i te hanga maramara iti, kei te whakamahia ngā mahi auaha e ahu mai ana i te karāpeti hei whakakapi i ngā pūnga me ngā transistor tuku iho. E ai ki ētahi kairangahau, ko te karāpeti pea te huarahi kē atu ki te silicon. He 100 ngā wā he angiangi ake i te transistor silicon iti rawa, he pai ake te kawe hiko, ā, he āhuatanga tauhou kei roto e tino whai hua ana i roto i te rorohiko matū. Kua whakamahia hoki te karāpeti i roto i ngā pūnga hou. Inaa, e kiia ana he 20 ngā wā he kaha ake ngā pūnga graphene i ngā pūnga tuku iho (e tuku ana i te 20 W/cm3), ā, e 3 ngā wā he kaha ake i ngā pākahiko lithium-ion kaha-teitei o ēnei rā.

4. Ngā Pūhiko

Mō ngā pākahiko (pūtau maroke me te lithium-Ion), he mea nui anō hoki ngā rauemi waro me te karāpeti. Mō te pūtau maroke tuku iho (ngā pākahiko e whakamahia ana e tātou i roto i ā tātou reo irirangi, rama, mana mamao, me ngā mātaaratanga), he mea karapoti te hiko whakarewa, te tokotoko karāpeti rānei (te katote) e te whakapiri hiko makuku, ā, kei roto i te rango whakarewa ngā mea e rua.

Kei te whakamahia hoki e ngā pākahiko lithium-ion o ēnei rā te karāpiti — hei anode. I whakamahia e ngā pākahiko lithium-ion tawhito ngā rauemi karāpiti tuku iho, heoi, nā te mea kua ngāwari haere te wātea o te karāpiti, kua whakamahia ngā anode karāpiti — e rua ngā take e whakamahia ana; 1. he pai ake te pupuri pūngao o ngā anode karāpiti, ā, 2. e oati ana he 10x te tere o te wā utu i te pākahiko lithium-ion tuku iho.

Kei te piki haere te rongonui o ngā pākahiko lithium-ion ka taea te utu anō i ēnei rā. He maha ngā whakamahinga o ēnei pākahiko i roto i ā tātou taputapu kāinga, i ngā taputapu hiko kawe, i ngā pona, i ngā waea atamai, i ngā waka hiko ranu, i ngā waka hōia, tae atu ki ngā mahi rererangi.