Ko te tikanga, me whakamaroke mārire te makuku i roto i te kōka mata i mua i te whakapūkara, inā koa i ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei ina he mea nui te whakamaroke:
I. Ngā Pānga Kino o te Makuku ki te Tukanga Whakapūkara
1. Te Pānga ki te Whai Hua o te Tukunga o ngā Mea Whakarerekē
Ina nui rawa te makuku o te kōka mata (pērā i te kōka hinu me te anthracite), ka pau te wera nui i te mimiti o te wai, ka puta he rerekētanga o te pāmahana i roto i te oumu whakawera i te wā tuatahi. Ka pā tēnei ki te tukunga pumau o ngā mea pupuhi (pērā i te whanariki me ngā matū hauwai). Hei tauira, ka tukuna te makuku i raro i te 200°C e te kōka hinu. Ki te kore e tangohia katoatia te makuku, ka roa pea te wā tukunga o ngā mea pupuhi (500-700°C) nā te kore e ranea te pāmahana, ka hua ake he mimiti koretake o te rauemi mata, ā, ka nui ake te tūponotanga o te pakaru o te hua.
2. Te Whakaiti i ngā Āhuatanga Ā-tinana o ngā Rauemi Mata
Ka whakaitihia e te makuku te hononga i waenga i ngā matūriki o ngā rauemi mata, ka uaua ai ngā mahi tukatuka-mua pērā i te kuru, te tātari, me te huri. Hei tauira, ko te kōka hinu he nui ake te makuku i te 10% ka ārai i ngā taputapu i te wā e kuru ana, ā, ka puta he rahi matūriki kāore i te ōrite i muri i te huri, ka pā ki te kounga o ngā tukanga whakaranu me te hanga i muri mai.
3. Te Whakanuia o te Whakamahinga Pūngao me ngā Utu
Me nui ake te wera e hiahiatia ana mō te mimiti o te makuku. Ki te kore e whakamaroketia i mua, me nui ake te wahie e pau ana i te oumu whakapūkara kia mau tonu ai te pāmahana. Hei tauira, mā te whakaiti i te nui o te makuku mā te 1% ka taea te penapena i te 20 kirokaramu o te wera e pau ana, ā, mā te whakamaroke ka taea te whakaiti i ngā utu whakaputa.
II. Ngā Whakapai Ake i te Kounga o te Whakapūkara mā te Whakamaroke
1. Te Whakapai Ake i te Kiato me te Kaha o ngā Rauemi Mata
I muri i te maroketanga, ka heke te makuku o ngā rauemi mata ki raro i te 0.3%. I te wā e whakapūkaratia ana, ka tino pai ake te tukunga o ngā mea pūngoi, ā, ka ōrite te whakahekenga o te rōrahi o ngā rauemi mata. Ka tino pai ake te mātotoru tūturu (hei tauira, te pikinga mai i te 1.42-1.61 karamu/cm³ ki te 2.00-2.12 karamu/cm³ mō te petroleum coke) me te kaha ā-pūkaha o ngā rauemi mata, ka whakaiti i te whakahekenga tuarua o ngā hua i te wā tunu.
2. Te Whakapai Ake i te Aroturukitanga me te Ātete ki te Waikura
I te wā e whakapūkaratia ana, ka whakarerekētia te hanganga ngota o ngā rauemi mata, ā, ka heke te ātete (hei tauira, ka heke te ātete o te kōka hinu i te pikinga o te pāmahana whakapūkara), ka whakapai ake i te kawe hiko. I taua wā, ka putunga he kiriata waro pyrolytic ki te mata o te matūriki, ka whakanui ake i te ātete waikura me te whakaroa i te roa o te ora o ngā hua.
3. Te Arotau i te Pūmautanga o te Tukanga
Mā ngā rauemi mata maroke me te makuku taurite ka taea te karo i ngā piki me ngā heke o te pāmahana i roto i te oumu whakawera me te whakaiti i te kino o te ahotea wera ki ngā taputapu. Hei tauira, mā te whakahaere i te makuku o te waro e uru ana ki te oumu kōka i raro i te 3%, ka taea e ngā whare kōka te whakaroa i te roa o te ora o ngā oumu kōka neke atu i te 10 tau me te whakaiti i te tere whakarerekētanga o ngā pakitara rūma oumu kōka mā te 90%.
III. Ngā Whakaritenga Whaihua mō te Tukanga Whakamaroke
1. Te Mana Whakahaere i te Mahana me te Wā
Ko te pāmahana whakamaroke kei waenganui i te 110-130°C, ā, me whakarerekē te wā kia rite ki te rahi o te matūriki me te nui o te makuku o ngā rauemi mata. Hei tauira, ko te kōka hinu iti iho i te 3 mm te rahi o te matūriki, e 2-4 hāora te roa o te whakamaroke kia rite ai te mimiti o te makuku.
2. Kōwhiringa Taputapu
Ko ngā taputapu whakamaroke noa ko ngā oumu hurihuri me ngā whakamaroke pahu. Ka tutuki i ngā oumu hurihuri te whakamaroke pai mā te whakamahana au-whakamuri, ko ngā whakamaroke pahu ia ka whakaiti i te piri o ngā rauemi me te whakapai ake i te pai o te whakamaroke mā ngā pereti arataki ā-roto me ngā taputapu horoi.
3. Ngā Mahi Taiao me te Haumaru
Me whakauru ngā taputapu tango puehu ki te pūnaha whakamaroke (pēnei i ngā kaikohi puehu āwhiowhio me ngā kaikohi puehu mākū) hei whakaiti i te puehu putanga, ā, ka taea te tango puehu tae atu ki te 99% neke atu rānei. I taua wā, ka whakamahia he mura hau ki te pūnaha tahunga, he ngāwari ki te whakahaere, he pono hoki.
Wā tuku: 13 Paenga-whāwhā 2026