Ngā rauemi mata: He aha ngā rauemi mata e whakamahia ana mō te hanga waro?
I roto i te hanga waro, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā rauemi mata e whakamahia ana ki ngā rauemi mata waro totoka me te mea here me te mea whakakī.
Ko ngā rauemi mata waro totoka ko te kōka hinu, te kōka bituminous, te kōka whakarewa, te anthracite, te karāpeti maori me te para karāpeti, me ētahi atu.
Ko ngā mea e herea ana, e whakakīia ana hoki ko te uku waro, te tā waro, te hinu anthracene me te kapia hangai, me ētahi atu.
Hei tāpiri, ka whakamahia hoki ētahi rauemi āwhina pēnei i te onepu kiripaka, ngā matūriki kōka whakarewa me te paura kōka i roto i te hanga.
Ko ētahi hua waro me te karāpeti motuhake (pērā i te muka waro, te waro whakahohe, te waro pyrolytic me te karāpeti pyrolytic, te waro karāhe) ka hangaia mai i ētahi atu rauemi motuhake.
Te Whakapūkara: He aha te whakapūkara? He aha ngā rauemi mata me whakapūkara?
Ko te tukanga maimoatanga wera e kiia ana ko te calcination.
Ko te whakapūkara te tukanga whakamahana tuatahi i roto i te hanga waro. Ka puta he raupapa o ngā huringa i roto i te hanganga me ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū o ngā momo rauemi mata waro katoa i te whakapūkara.
He teitei rawa te pāmahana hanga kōka o te kōka bituminous me te kōka whakarewa (neke atu i te 1000°C), he rite tonu ki te pāmahana o te oumu whakawera i roto i te tipu waro. Kāore e taea te whakawera, me whakamaroke noa ki te makuku.
Heoi, ki te whakamahia ngātahi te kōka bituminous me te kōka petroleum i mua i te whakawera, me tuku atu ki te kaiwhakawera kia whakawerahia ngātahi me te kōka petroleum.
Kāore e hiahiatia he whakapūkara mō te karāpeti tūturu me te pango waro.
Ko te tukanga whakaputanga extrusion te nuinga o te tukanga whakaputa āhua kirihou o te whakapiri.
Ka mahia te tukanga whakaputa o te whakapiri i roto i te rūma rauemi (i roto rānei i te rango whakapiri) me te pūwero pewa porowhita.
Ko te pūwero matua o muri ka peia te whakapiri wera i roto i te rūma uta.
Ka akiakihia te hau i roto i te whakapiri kia puta tonu mai, ka whakakīkī tonu te whakapiri, ā, ka neke whakamua te whakapiri i te wā kotahi.
Ina neke te whakapiri i roto i te wāhanga rango o te ruma, ka taea te kī he rere pumau te whakapiri, ā, he rite tonu te paparanga kirikiri.
Ina uru te whakapiri ki te wāhanga o te pūwero whakaputa me te āhua rerekē o te pewa, ka nui ake te ātete o te waku ki te whakapiri e tata ana ki te pakitara o te waha i te ahunga whakamua, ka tīmata te rauemi ki te piko, ka rerekē te tere o te ahunga whakamua o te whakapiri i roto, ka tere whakamua te whakapiri o roto i mua, ka kore e ōrite te matotoru o te hua i te taha o te porowhita, nō reira ka uru ki te poraka whakaputa.
Hei whakamutunga, ka uru te whakapiri ki te wāhanga whakarerekētanga rārangi, ka puta ki waho.
Ko te tunu kai he tukanga maimoatanga wera e whakamahanahia ai ngā hua mata kua pēhia i tētahi tere i raro i te tikanga wehe i te hau i roto i te reo tiaki i roto i te oumu.
I roto i te tukanga tunu, nā te whakakorenga o ngā mea mimiti, ka hangaia he whatunga kōka i te tununga o te uku, ka pirau, ka whakakotahi hoki te uku, ā, ka hangaia he whatunga mowhiti waro hexagonal nui, me ētahi atu, ka tino heke te ātete. Tata ki te 10000 x 10-6 ngā hua mata ātete Ω “m, i muri i te tununga mā te 40-50 x 10-6 Ω” m, ka kiia he kawe pai.
I muri i te tunu, ka mimiti te hua mā te 1% te whānui, mā te 2% te roa, me te 2-3% te rōrahi.
Heoi, i muri i te tunu i ngā hua mata, ka pirau tetahi wāhanga o te uku waro hei hau, ka puta, ā, ka hangaia tetahi atu wāhanga hei kōka bituminous.
He iti ake te rahinga o te kōka bituminous i hangaia i te bitumen waro. Ahakoa ka paku mimiti i te tukanga tunu, he maha tonu ngā pūwero iti, koretake, me ngā rahi pūwero rerekē e puta mai ana i roto i te hua.
Hei tauira, ko te katoa o te porosity o ngā hua kua whakakāwhatia he 25-32% te nuinga, ā, ko te porosity o ngā hua waro he 16-25%.
Ko te nui o ngā pūwero ka pā ki ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me ngā āhuatanga matū o ngā hua.
I te nuinga o te wā, ko ngā hua kua whakakāwhatia he nui ake te porosity, he iti iho te kiato rōrahi, he nui ake te ātete, he kaha miihini, i te pāmahana motuhake ka tere ake te tere o te waikura, ka heke hoki te ātete ki te waikura, ā, ka ngāwari ake te uru o te hau me te wai.
Ko te whakakī he tukanga hei whakaiti i te porosity, hei whakanui i te mātotoru, hei whakanui i te kaha pēhi, hei whakaiti i te ātete o te hua kua oti, me te whakarerekē i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū o te hua.
Ko ōna whāinga ko:
(1) Whakapai ake i te kawe wera me te kawe hiko o te hua.
(2) Hei whakapai ake i te ātete ki te ru wera me te pumau matū o te hua.
(3) Whakapai ake i te whakahinuhinu me te ātete ki te kakahu o te hua.
(4) Tangohia ngā poke, ā, whakapai ake i te kaha o te hua.
He rerekē te āhua me te rerekētanga o ngā hua waro kua pēhia i te wā tunu me te whakakāwhata, ā, he rerekē te rahi me te āhua. I taua wā anō, ka herea ētahi whakakī ki te mata o ngā hua waro kua pēhia.
Kāore e taea te whakamahi me te kore he tukatuka ā-ringa, nō reira me hanga te hua, me tukatuka kia rite ki tētahi āhua ā-ira kua tohua.
(2) Te hiahia mō te whakamahinga
E ai ki ngā whakaritenga a te kaiwhakamahi mō te tukatuka.
Mena me hono te hiko karāpeti o te hanga maitai oumu hiko, me hanga he kōhao miro ki ngā pito e rua o te hua, kātahi ka honoa ngā hiko e rua ki te hononga miro motuhake.
(3) Ngā whakaritenga hangarau
Me tukatuka ētahi hua kia puta he āhua me he whakaritenga motuhake e ai ki ngā hiahia hangarau a ngā kaiwhakamahi.
Me whakaiti anō hoki te taratara o te mata.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-10-2020