He mea nui te waro pumau teitei me te whanariki iti, te hauota iti me te pungarehu iti mō ngā kaihoko whakapūkara, nā te mea ka pā tika ēnei tohu ki te pai o te whakapūkara, te kounga whakarewa me ngā utu whakaputa, ā, koinei ngā tawhā matua mō te aromatawai i te mahi a ngā kaihoko whakapūkara. Ko te tātaritanga motuhake e whai ake nei:
1. Te waro pumau teitei: Ko te tūāpapa o te waro e whakapiki ana i te whai huatanga
Mahi matua: Ko te waro pumau te wāhanga whai hua e tino whai wāhi ana ki te pikinga waro i roto i te tāpiri waro, ā, ko tōna ihirangi ka whakatau tika i te pānga pikinga waro. Ko te teitei ake o te ihirangi waro pumau, ko te nui ake o ngā huānga waro ka taea te whakarato e te tāpiri waro mō ia wae taumaha, ā, ko te teitei ake o te whai huatanga o te tāpiri waro.
Ōhanga: Mā te nui o te waro pumau ka taea te whakaiti i te nui o te tāpiri waro e whakamahia ana, me te whakaiti hoki i ngā utu whakaputa. Hei tauira, ki te whakanuia te ihirangi waro pumau mai i te 90% ki te 95%, ka piki ake pea te whai huatanga o te whakanui waro mā te 10% ki te 15%, me te whakaiti anō hoki i te pokanoa o ngā poke pērā i te pungarehu ki te tukanga whakarewa.
Hototahi tukanga: I roto i te oumu whakarewa, ka tere ake te memeha me te horapa ōrite o ngā kaihoko waro pumau teitei, kia kore ai e rerekē te mahi whakarewa i puta mai i te mimiti waro koretake.
2. He iti te pungarehu: Ka whakaiti i te pokanoa ki te poke, ka whakarei ake i te pai o te whakarewa
Te tūponotanga o te pungarehu: Ko te pungarehu he poke kore-waro i roto i ngā tāpiringa waro (pērā i ngā waikura whakarewa, ngā silicate, me ētahi atu). Mēnā he nui rawa te ihirangi, ka hanga he paparanga para, ka kapi i ngā matūriki waro, ka aukati i tō rātou memeha, ka tino whakaiti i te tere mimiti waro. Hei tauira, ina piki te ihirangi pungarehu mai i te 2% ki te 5%, ka heke pea te tere mimiti waro mā te 20% ki te 30%.
Te taumahatanga tukanga: Ka piki ake hoki te nui o te pungarehu i te nui o te para, ka roa ake te wā horoi para, ka piki ake hoki te whakapaunga hiko me te kaha o te mahi. I roto i te oumu whakarewa rewa, ka ārai pea te kohikohinga pungarehu i te awa rewa me te whakaiti i te pai o te hiko.
Mōrearea kounga: Tērā pea ka mimiti ngā poke o te pungarehu ki roto i ngā whakarewanga, ka puta he hapa pērā i te porosity me te mimiti o ngā kōhao, ka pā ki ngā āhuatanga miihini me te kounga o te mata.
3. He iti te whanariki: Ka karo i te pokanoa o te porowhita me te whakarite i te mahi a te rino maka
Ngā tūponotanga o te whanariki: He "huānga kino" te whanariki mō te rino ngāwari. Ka taea e ia te whakararuraru i te mahi a ngā matū whakaporoporo (pērā i te konupūmā me te whenua onge), ka puta he whakapōturitanga me te whakahekenga o te maha o ngā porowhita karāhe, tae noa ki te āhua o te karāhe maramara, ka tino whakaiti i te kaha me te pakari o ngā mea whakarewa.
Ngā whakaritenga tukanga: I te wā e whakaputa ana i te rino ngāwari, me tino whakahaere te nui o te whanariki i roto i te rino rewa taketake ki te ≤0.015%. Nō reira, me tino iti te nui o te whanariki o te tāpiri waro (te nuinga o te wā ≤0.05%) hei karo i te mōrearea o te tāpiri whanariki.
Ngā rerekētanga ki te rino maka hina: Me whai ihirangi whanariki (0.06%-0.12%) te rino maka hina hei whakau i te simaiti me te ārai i te horapa o te whakapūkarapa. Heoi anō, me āta whakahaere tonu te ihirangi whanariki o te carburizer kia kore ai e nui rawa te whanariki e arahi ai ki te ahua o te rino maka mā.
4. He iti te hauota: Ka ārai i ngā hapa porosity me te arotau i te hanganga whakarewa
Te takirua o te hauota: I roto i te rino maka hina, ka taea e te hauota te whakau i te pearlite me te piko me te whakakore i te graphite, ā, ka whakarei ake i ngā āhuatanga hangarau (pēnei i te kaha kume me te pakeke). Heoi, ina nui ake te ihirangi hauota i te kukū taurite (tata ki te 140ppm), ka ngāwari te hanga i ngā pore hauota rite ki te pakaru i roto i ngā mea maka, ka piki ake te tere para.
Whakahaere tukanga: Ko te nui o te hauota o te carburizer e whakamahia ana mō te rino maka hina ka whakahaerehia i te 70-120 PPM, engari mō te rino ngawari, he tairongo ake ki te porosity, me whiriwhiri he carburizer he iti ake te nui o te hauota (pēnei i te ≤200ppm).
Ngā whakaritenga tono teitei: I roto i ngā whakarewanga tika pērā i ngā toki porotaka miihini, ka hua pea he iti iho ngā āhuatanga miihini o te nui o te hauota. Nō reira, he mea nui ngā tāpiringa waro hauota iti.
Pānga whānui: He taurangi whakarewa whai hua, kounga teitei, me te utu iti
Te whakanui ake i te waro tino whai hua: Mā te waro pumau nui me te pungarehu iti ka tere te memeha me te mimiti o te waro, ka whakaitihia te wā whakarewa.
Ngā whakarewanga kounga teitei: Ko te iti o te whanariki me te iti o te hauota ka ārai i te korenga o te hanganga porohita me ngā hapa porosity, ka whakarite i ngā āhuatanga miihini me te kounga o te mata.
Te whakahaere utu: Mā te whakaiti i te nui o te tāpiri waro e whakamahia ana, te whakaiti i te whakapaunga hiko me te tere o ngā hua hapa, kua tino heke te utu whakaputa katoa.
Manatoko tauira
Tāpiri waro karāpiti: Waro pumau ≥99%, ihirangi pungarehu ≤0.5%, whanariki ≤0.05%, hauota ≤200ppm. He pai mō te rino ngāwari, ā, he nui ake i te 90% te pai o te tāpiri waro.
Tāpiri waro anthracite kua whakawerahia: Waro pumau 90%-95%, pungarehu 4%-5%, whanariki 0.3%-0.5%, hauota 800-1200ppm. He pai mō te rino maka hina, engari me whakahaere te horopeta kia kore ai e nui rawa te whanariki me te hauota.
Wā tuku: 25 o Ākuhata-2025