Nā ngā whāinga "waro rua" a Haina (te pikinga waro me te kore waro), kua pā nui ngā kaupapa here taiao ki te umanga hiko karāhe, e whā ngā āhuatanga matua: te whakapai ake i te ahumahi, te whakarerekētanga hanganga mākete, te auahatanga hangarau, me te whakarei ake i te whakataetae o te ao. Koinei te tātari taipitopito:
1. Whakapai Ahumahi: Te Whakakore i te Pūmanawa Tawhito me te Whakatairanga i te Whakakotahitanga o te Ahumahi
Te Whakaara i ngā Paepae Taiao
Nā ngā kaupapa here kua akiaki ngā umanga ki te whakapai ake i ngā hangarau whakaputa mā roto i ngā mahi pēnei i te whakahaere kaha i te keri kore ture me te whakakore i te kaha tawhito. Hei tauira, ko ngā umanga iti he nui te whakapaunga pūngao me te parahanga kua akiakihia kia kati nā te kore e taea te whakatutuki i ngā paerewa taiao, i te mea ko ngā kamupene matua he pai ki te taiao ngā tukanga whakaputa me ngā kaha hanga hua teitei (hei tauira, Fangda Carbon) kua whakawhānui ake i tā rātou wāhanga mākete. Hei te tau 2025, e matapaetia ana ka neke ake te kukū o te ahumahi i te 60%, ka whakatairanga i tētahi tauira whanaketanga tauine me te kaha.
Te Whakateretere i te Whakawhiti Kakariki
Me whakatū e ngā umanga he pūnaha porowhita-kati o te "whakaputa-whakaora-whakahoutanga." Hei tauira, e matapaetia ana ka eke te tere o te whakaora puehu karāhe ki te 99.9%, ā, ka hangarua e te hangarau whakaputa hiko wera para tunu te 35% o te whakapaunga pūngao kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa taiao o te ao pērā i te taake rohe waro a te EU. Ka whakamahia hoki e ngā kaupapa here ngā tikanga pērā i ngā taake taiao me te tauhokohoko tukunga waro hei akiaki i te nekehanga mai i te tipu "tere-tauine" ki te tipu "pai-kounga".
2. Te Whakatikatika i te Hanganga Mākete: Te Whakapai Ake i te Tono me te Arotau i te Tuku
Te Pikinga o te Hiahia mō te Hanga Rino mō te Oumu Āwhata Hiko (EAF)
Ko te hanga maitai EAF, he tukanga poto te rere me te hauwhā noa iho o ngā tukunga waro mai i te hanga maitai oumu pupuhi, he mea nui mō te whakatutuki i ngā whāinga "waro rua" a te umanga maitai. E whakahau ana ngā kaupapa here kia whakanuia te wahanga o te maitai i hangaia e te EAF mai i te 10% ki te 15%-20% i te tau 2025, kia piki ake ai te hiahia mō ngā irahiko karāhe. Ko ngā irahiko karāhe tino-kaha, e whakaiti ana i te whakapaunga pūngao mō ia tana o te maitai, kua noho hei mea matua o te mākete, e akiaki ana i ngā hanganga hua ki ngā kaha kaha ake.
Te Whanuitanga ki ngā Rāngai Hou
Kua whānui ake ngā tono hiko graphite i tua atu i ngā ahumahi whakarewa me te matū tuku iho ki ngā mākete teitei pēnei i te pūngao hou (hei tauira, ngā pākahiko graphene) me te hanga semiconductor. Hei tauira, ka whakarei ake te hangarau graphene i te kawe hiko me ngā āhuatanga miihini, i te mea ka taea e te tā 3D te whakahaere tika i ngā hanganga moroiti kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga tono uaua.
3. Auahatanga Hangarau: Te Whakakore i ngā Ārai me te Whakapai ake i te Whakataetae Ao
Te Whakatakotoranga i ngā Rauemi Tino Hira
Ko ngā irahiko karāpeti kounga teitei e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kōka ngira kawemai (me te reiti taunga ā-rohe i raro i te 50%). Nā te tautoko kaupapa here mō te R&D kua akiaki i ngā whanaketanga hangarau, me te whakapiki ake i ngā haumitanga a ngā umanga ki te whakapai ake i te kounga o te kōka ngira i hangaia ā-rohe me te whakatutuki i ngā painga utu, me te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā kawemai.
Ngā Whakapai Ake Atamai me ngā Whakapai Mamati
Mā te hangarau matihiko māhanga ka taea te whakatauira hihiri o ngā tawhā tukanga, ka eke ki te 90% te tika o te matapae i ngā hapa mīhini. Ko ngā pūnaha mīhini urutau, he rite ki ngā pūoko tukunga oro, ka aroturuki i ngā āhuatanga tapahi i te wā tūturu, me te tika o te whakatikatika hapa e eke ana ki te 0.1μm. Nā ēnei auahatanga kua whakapotohia ngā huringa tukatuka mā te 20%, ā, kua piki ake ngā reiti hua hua ki runga ake i te 98%, ka tino whakanui ake i te pai o te whakaputa.
4. Te Whakarei Ake i te Whakataetae o te Ao: Te Whakatere i ngā Arai Tauhokohoko me te Whanui ake i ngā Mākete o te Ao
Te Whakaora me te Whakawhanui i te Mākete Kaweake
Ahakoa te hekenga pea o ngā kaweake ki Ūropi me te US mā te 10%-15% nā ngā rangahau ārai-tuku i te tau 2025, kei te whakaitihia e ngā umanga ngā mōrearea mā te whakawhānui atu ki ngā mākete hou pēnei i a Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti me te Waenganui Rawhiti me te whakatū i ngā turanga whakaputa ā-rohe. Ko te whai wāhi atu ki te whakatakoto paerewa o te ao (hei tauira, ngā paerewa whakamātautau hiko karāhe ISO) kua whakapakari ake i te awe hangarau me te ahua o te ao.
Te Hanga Waitohu Kakariki
Kua whakawhanakehia e ētahi kamupene ngā waitohu hiko karāhe waro-iti hei whakatutuki i te hiahia o te ao mō ngā hua e pai ana ki te taiao. Hei tauira, ko te whakaputa i ngā pūrongo ESG me te whai wāhi atu ki ngā mākete hokohoko waro kua whakanui ake i te mana o te ao, ā, kua whakaratohia he kaiawhina tipu hou mō ngā kaweake.
Whakamutunga: Te Whakataurite i ngā Wero me ngā Huarahi, Te Neke Atu ki te Whanaketanga Tino Pai me te Kakariki
Ahakoa kua akiakihia e ngā kaupapa here taiao ngā whakapainga ahumahi, kua puta mai hoki ngā wero pēnei i te pikinga o ngā utu rauemi mata me te pikinga o ngā haumitanga taiao. Heoi, ko te whānui o te whakamahinga o te hanga maitai EAF, te whānui o ngā ahumahi pūngao hou, me ngā tono tika i roto i te hanga semiconductor kua waihanga i te whai wāhitanga mākete tiriona-yuan. I te heke mai, ko ngā umanga matua me ngā rahui hangarau me ngā mekameka tuku whakauru ka kaha ake i te mākete, ko ngā mahi tahi whakawhiti-rāngai (hei tauira, te R&D kua whakaritea i waenga i ngā pākahiko graphene me ngā irahiko) ka puta hei mea nui ki te wikitoria i ngā arai tipu. Ko ngā pānga mahi tahi o te aratohu kaupapa here, te auahatanga hangarau, me te tono mākete kei te hanga hou i te pūnaha ahumahi irahiko graphite o te ao.
Wā tuku: 13 o Ākuhata 2025