Kua whakaatuhia e ngā irahiko karāpiti ngā whai wāhitanga tono nui i roto i te mara pūngao hou, pērā i ngā pākahiko konutai-ion me ngā pākahiko āhua-totoka. Ko ō rātou āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū pumau me te hanganga paparanga e tautoko ana i te whakapai ake i te mahi pākahiko. I taua wā, ka taea e rātou te whakarei ake i te haumaru i roto i ngā pākahiko āhua-totoka me te whakawhānui ake i te wāhi tono mā roto i ngā whakapainga hangarau i roto i ngā pākahiko konutai-ion.
I. Ngā Pūhiko Āhua-totoka: Ngā painga pumau me te haumaru o te karāpeti hei rauemi anode
Ka ārai te hanganga paparanga i te hanganga o ngā dendrite lithium
Mā te hanganga karaihe paparanga o te karāpeti ka taea te ārahi i te whakaurunga me te tango i ngā katote lithium, ka karohia te mōrearea poto-arahiko e puta mai ana i ngā dendrite e uru ana ki te wehewehe, ā, ka whakapai ake i te mahi haumaru o ngā pākahiko totoka. Nā tēnei āhuatanga ka waiho te karāpeti hei otinga pai mō ngā rauemi anode i roto i ngā pākahiko totoka.
Te pumau matū KA WHAKAREREKĒ ki ngā taiao tino kino
Ka whakamahia e ngā pākahiko totoka ngā irahiko totoka hei utu mō ngā irahiko wai, e tuku ana i te whānuitanga pāmahana mahi whānui me te ngaohiko teitei ake. Ka taea e te karāpiti te pupuri i te pumau hanganga i roto i ngā taiao pāmahana teitei me te pēhanga teitei, e whakarite ana i te roa o te ora huringa o ngā pākahiko me te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga pono o ngā pūnaha rokiroki pūngao.
Te kaha mō te whakahoutanga hangarau
Mā te whakapai ake i te tukanga whakarite (pēnei i te nanorization me te paninga mata), ka taea te whakanui ake i te kiato pūngao me te pai o te tukunga-utu o ngā anode graphite. Hei tauira, kua tutuki i ngā anode silicon-waro i whakakotahihia ki ngā rauemi e hangai ana ki te silicon te whakaputa papatipu, me te kaha motuhake e 3 ki te 5 ngā wā teitei ake i te graphite tuku iho, nā reira ka noho hei huarahi nui mō ngā otinga kiato-pūngao teitei i roto i ngā pākahiko totoka.
II. Ngā Pūhiko Konutai-ion: Ngā Ahunga Hou Hangarau me ngā Painga Utu o ngā Anode Graphite
Auahatanga i roto i te tikanga whakauru ira konutai
E kī ana te tirohanga tuku iho, kāore e taea e te mokowā paparanga o te karāpeti (tata ki te 0.335nm) te whakauru i ngā katote konutai (me te diameter o te 0.36nm), engari kua tutuki i ngā rangahau hou te whakawhitinga whakahurihuri o ngā katote konutai mā te whakawhānui i te mokowā paparanga o te karāpeti mā te mira pōro, mā te whakamahi rānei i ngā matū konutai-waikura hei hanga tauhohenga poraka. Nā tēnei putanga hou kua huaki he ara hou mō te whakamahinga o te karāpeti i roto i ngā pākahiko katote konutai.
Ngā painga utu me ngā rauemi
He nui ngā rahui karāpeti o te ao, ā, he whānui te horapa. Neke atu i te 60% o te kaha whakaputa o te ao e ahu mai ana i Haina, ā, he iti ake te utu o ngā rauemi mata i ērā o ngā rauemi lithium. Mena ka whakamahia e ngā pākahiko konutai-ion ngā anode karāpeti, ka taea e ia te whakaiti i ngā utu pākahiko me te whakateretere i te tukanga hokohoko i roto i ngā mara pēnei i te rokiroki pūngao me ngā waka hiko tere-iti.
Te tono tahi me ngā rauemi waro mārō
Kua noho te waro mārō hei rauemi anode matua mō ngā pākahiko konutai-ion nā tōna hanganga koretake me te tawhiti nui i waenga i ngā paparanga, engari he raruraru anō tōna ko te iti o te whai huatanga tīmatanga me te utu nui. Ka taea e te whakakotahitanga o te karāpeti me te waro mārō te whakataurite i te mahi me te utu. Hei tauira, ka whakaratohia e te hangarau waro mārō kua pania ki te uku he kōwhiringa anode pai ake mō ngā pākahiko konutai-ion mā te whakarei ake i te kawe hiko, te whakaiti i te ātete ā-roto, me te whakapai ake i te pumau o te huringa.
Iii. Ngā Ārahi Mākete me te Tahora Ahumahi
Kua kitea te tipu tere o te hiahia mō te pūngao hou
Kei te piki haere tonu ngā hokonga o ngā waka hiko hou o te ao, ā, kua piki haere te hiahia mō ngā pākahiko roa te ora me te utu iti i roto i ngā pūnaha rokiroki hiko, e akiaki ana i te whānui o te mākete mō ngā rauemi anode pākahiko lithium-ion. E matapaetia ana ka eke te putanga o ngā rauemi anode o te ao ki te 2.625 miriona tana i te tau 2025, ā, neke atu i te 98% o ēnei ko te karāpeti, ka noho hei rauemi matua i roto i te mara hiko hou.
Ngā rahui hangarau umanga me te whakawhānui i te kaha
Kei te whakatairanga a Shanshan Co., Ltd. i te hanga papatipu o ngā rauemi e hangai ana ki te silicon. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā anode waro mārō i roto i ngā pākahiko lithium, ngā pākahiko konutai-ion me ngā pākahiko haurua-totoka. Ko te kaha whakaputa kua hangaia he 1,000 tana, ā, ko te kaha kei te hangaia tonutia he 40,000 tana.
Yicheng New Energy: I runga i ngā painga o te rōpū i roto i ngā rauemi hauwai, waro me te silicon, kua hangaia e rātou he pūnaha ahumahi o "ngā rauemi waro kounga teitei + te whakaurunga pūtake-whatunga-kawenga-rokiroki". Ko tana apiti katoa, ko Kaifeng Carbon, he nui ake i te 30% te wāhi mākete ā-rohe mō tana hua matua, ngā irahiko karāhe UHPΦ 600-700mm, e mau tonu ana i te tūranga tuatahi i roto i te umanga.
Catl me BTR: Te whakawhanake tahi i ngā rauemi anode graphite kiato-teitei hei whakapai ake i te kiato o te pūngao pākahiko me te roa o te huringa, me te whakaū i tō rāua tūranga ārahi i roto i te hangarau.
Ko ngā kaupapa here me ngā paerewa e ārahi ana i te whakapai ake i ngā ahumahi
Kua whakaputa a Haina i ngā tuhinga kaupapa here pēnei i te "Ngā Tikanga Whakahaere mō te Ahumahi Karāpiti" me te "Mahere Whakawhanake mō te Ahumahi Waka Pūngao Hou", e whakatairanga ana i te panonitanga o te ahumahi ki te whanaketanga teitei, atamai me te matomato. Ka whakarei ake ngā umanga i tō rātou mana kōrero hangarau me te whakataetae mākete mā te whakauru mekameka katoa (pēnei i te whakatakoto i te kaha whakaputa-ake o te ngira coke) me te whai wāhi ki te whakatakoto paerewa o te ao (pēnei i ngā paerewa whakamātautau hiko karāpiti ISO).
Iv. Ngā Auahatanga me ngā Wero o te Ao kei te heke mai
Te whakaurunga hangarau me te auahatanga
Ko te rangahau tahi me te whakawhanake i ngā rauemi graphene me ngā irahiko, me te arotautanga o te atanga i waenga i ngā irahiko totoka me ngā anode graphite, ka noho hei mea matua ki te wawahi i te aukati kiato pūngao. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā pākahiko e hangai ana ki te graphene te whakarei ake i te whānuitanga taraiwa me te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā waka hiko teitei.
Te tiaki taiao me te whanaketanga tauwhiro
Me whakapiki ake te tere whakaora o te puehu karāpeti ki te 99.9%, ā, ka taea e te hangarau whakaputa hiko wera para whakapūngoi te whakaora i te 35% o te whakapaunga hiko. Me hanga e ngā umanga he pūnaha porowhita kati o te "whakaputa - hangarua - whakaora" kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa tiaki taiao o te ao pēnei i te tari waro o te EU.
Te whakawhānui ake i ngā mākete e puta ake ana
Mā te "Belt and Road Initiative", kua kaweake ngā umanga karāpeti Hainamana i ā rātou hangarau ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia, ki Āwherika me ētahi atu rohe, ā, kua whakatūria he turanga whakaputa ā-rohe hei karo i ngā arai hokohoko. Hei tauira, kei te hangaia he turanga whakaputa mō ngā rauemi karāpeti anode ki Mareia hei whakatutuki i te hiahia ā-rohe mō ngā waka hiko hou.
Wā tuku: 22 o Ākuhata-2025