Ko ngā irahiko karāpiti te wāhanga whakamahana matua e whakamahia ana i roto i te oumu pewa hiko, he tukanga hanga maitai e rewa ai ngā para o ngā motuka tawhito, o ngā taputapu rānei, hei hanga maitai hou.
He iti ake te utu hanga o ngā oumu pewa hiko i ngā oumu pupuhi tuku iho, e hanga ana i te maitai mai i te rino, ā, e whakakahangia ana e te waro kōka. Engari he nui ake te utu mō te hanga maitai nā te mea e whakamahia ana he para maitai, ā, e whakakahangia ana e te hiko.
Ko ngā irahiko he wāhanga o te taupoki oumu, ā, ka huihuia hei pou. Kātahi ka haere te hiko mā roto i ngā irahiko, ka hanga he pewa wera nui e whakarewa ana i te maitai para. He rerekē te rahi o ngā irahiko engari ka taea te tae ki te 0.75 mita (2 me te hawhe putu) te whānui, ā, tae atu ki te 2.8 mita (9 putu) te roa. Ko te taumaha o ngā mea nui rawa atu he neke atu i te rua tāne mita.
E 3 kg (6.6 pauna) o ngā irahiko karāpeti e hiahiatia ana hei whakaputa i te kotahi tana o te maitai.
Ka eke te pito o te hiko ki te 3,000 nekehanga Celsius, te haurua o te pāmahana o te mata o te rā. He mea hanga ngā hiko ki te karāpiti nā te mea ko te karāpiti anake ka taea te tu atu i taua wera nui.
Kātahi ka hurihia te oumu ki tōna taha hei riringi i te maitai rewa ki roto i ngā peere nunui e kiia nei ko ngā koko. Kātahi ka haria e ngā koko te maitai rewa ki te mīhini whakarewa o te mira maitai, e hanga ai i ngā hua hou mai i ngā para hangarua.
He nui te hiko e hiahiatia ana mō tēnei tukanga hei whakakaha i tētahi tāone he 100,000 te taupori. Ko ia whakarewanga i roto i te oumu hiko hou e 90 meneti te roa, ā, ka hangaia he 150 tāne o te maitai, he nui mō te 125 waka.
Ko te ngira kōka te rauemi mata matua e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā irahiko, e ai ki ngā kaihanga ka roa pea ki te ono marama te roa o te hanga me ngā tukanga tae atu ki te tunu me te tunu anō hei huri i te kōka hei karāpeti.
Kei reira te ngira kōka hinu me te ngira kōka waro, ā, ka taea te whakamahi i tētahi o ēnei hei hanga i ngā irahiko karāpeti. Ko te 'Pet coke' he hua taha o te tukanga whakamahine hinu, ko te ngira kōka waro ia ka hangaia mai i te tāra waro e puta mai ana i te wā e hangaia ana te kōka.
Kei raro nei ngā kaihanga matua o te ao mō ngā irahiko karāhe i whakaritea e ai ki te kaha whakaputa i te tau 2016:
Ingoa Kamupene Tari Matua Pūmanawa Ngā Hea
(,000 tāne) % o te tau
GrafTech US 191 Tūmataiti
Ao Whānui
Fangda Waro Haina 165 +264
*SGL Waro Tiamana 150 +64
*Showa Denko Japan 139 +98
KK
Karāpiti Īnia Īnia 98 +416
Ltd
HEG Īnia 80 +562
Tokai Carbon Japan 64 +137
Kamupene Ltd
Nippon Carbon Japan 30 +84
Kamupene Ltd
Waro Hēkona Hapani 30 +98
*I te marama o Oketopa 2016, i kī a SGL Carbon ka hokona atu e rātou tana pakihi hiko karāwhata ki a Showa Denko.
Ngā Puna: GrafTech International, UK Steel, Tokai Carbon Co Ltd
Te wā tuku: Mei-21-2021