Ko te kaupapa mahi o ngā irahiko karāhe mana-tino-teitei (UHP) e ahu mai ana i te āhuatanga tukunga pewa. Mā te whakamahi i ō rātou kawe hiko tino pai, te ātete pāmahana teitei, me ngā āhuatanga miihini, ka taea e ēnei irahiko te huri pai i te pūngao hiko ki te pūngao wera i roto i ngā taiao whakarewa pāmahana teitei, ā, mā reira ka akiaki i te tukanga whakarewa. Kei raro nei he tātari taipitopito o ā rātou tikanga mahi matua:
1. Te Tukunga Āwhata me te Huringa Pūngao Hiko-ki-Werawera
1.1 Tikanga Hanga Āwhata
Ina whakauruhia ngā irahiko karāhe UHP ki roto i ngā taputapu whakarewa (hei tauira, ngā oumu pewa hiko), ka mahi rātou hei arataki hiko. Ka puta he pewa hiko i waenganui i te pito o te irahiko me te utu oumu (hei tauira, te maitai para, te rino). Kei roto i tēnei pewa he hongere plasma arataki hiko i hangaia e te ionization hau, me ngā pāmahana neke atu i te 3000°C—he nui ake i ngā pāmahana tahunga tikanga.
1.2 Te Tuku Pūngao Whai Hua
Mā te wera nui e puta mai i te pewa ka rewa tika te utu o te oumu. Ko te kawe hiko pai rawa atu o ngā irahiko (me te ātete iti iho i te 6–8 μΩ·m) ka iti ake te ngaronga pūngao i te wā e tukuna ana, ka pai ake te whakamahinga o te mana. Hei tauira, i roto i te hanga maitai oumu pewa hiko (EAF), ka taea e ngā irahiko UHP te whakaiti i ngā huringa whakarewa neke atu i te 30%, ka nui ake te whakanui ake i te hua.
2. Ngā Āhuatanga Rauemi me te Whakapūmau Mahi
2.1 Te Pūmautanga Hanganga i te Pāmahana Teitei
Ko te pakari o ngā irahiko ki te pāmahana teitei i ahu mai i tō rātou hanganga tioata: ka hangaia e ngā ngota waro paparanga he whatunga here hononga-konehe mā te whakakotahitanga sp², me te herenga o waenga-paparanga mā ngā kaha van der Waals. Ka mau tonu te kaha miihini o tēnei hanganga i te 3000°C, ā, he ātete tino pai ki te ru wera (e tū atu ana ki ngā piki me ngā heke o te pāmahana tae atu ki te 500°C/min), he pai ake i ngā irahiko whakarewa.
2.2 Ātete ki te Whānuitanga Wera me te Ngoki
He iti te tauwehenga whakawhanui wera o ngā irahiko UHP (1.2×10⁻⁶/°C), e whakaiti ana i ngā huringa āhua i ngā pāmahana teitei, ā, e ārai ana i te hanganga kapiti nā te ahotea wera. Ka arotauhia tō rātou ātete ngokingoki (te kaha ki te ātete i te whakarerekētanga kirihou i raro i ngā pāmahana teitei) mā te whiriwhiri rauemi mata o te ngira coke me ngā tukanga whakairoiro matatau, e whakarite ana i te pumau āhua i te wā roa o te mahi kawenga teitei.
2.3 Te Ātete ki te Waikura me te Waikura
Mā te whakauru i ngā antioxidants (hei tauira, ngā borides, ngā silicides) me te paninga o ngā mata, ka teitei ake te pāmahana tīmatanga waikura o ngā irahiko ki runga ake i te 800°C. Mā te koretake o te matū ki te para rewa i te wā whakarewa ka whakaiti i te nui o te whakamahinga o te irahiko, ka roa ake te ora ratonga ki te 2–3 ngā wā i ngā irahiko tikanga.
3. Te Hototahitanga o ngā Tukanga me te Arotautanga o te Pūnaha
3.1 Te Kīanga o te Au me te Pūngao Mana
Ka tautokohia e ngā irahiko UHP ngā mātotoru o te iahiko neke atu i te 50 A/cm². Ina honoa ki ngā whakawhiti hiko kaha-teitei (hei tauira, 100 MVA), ka taea e rātou te whakauru hiko kotahi-ouma neke atu i te 100 MW. Ka tere ake te tere whakauru wera o tēnei hoahoa i te wā whakarewa—hei tauira, ka whakaitihia te whakapaunga pūngao mō ia tana o te silicon i roto i te hanga ferrosilicon ki raro iho i te 8000 kWh.
3.2 Te Urupare Hihiri me te Whakahaere Tukanga
Ka whakamahia e ngā pūnaha whakarewa hou ngā Smart Electrode Regulators (SERs) hei aroturuki tonu i te tūranga o te hiko, ngā piki me ngā heke o te iahiko, me te roa o te pewa, kia mau tonu ai te tere o te whakamahinga hiko i roto i te maitai 1.5–2.0 kg/t. Mā te aroturuki i te āhua o te oumu (hei tauira, ngā ōwehenga CO/CO₂), ka pai ake te pai o te hononga hiko-utu.
3.3 Te Whakarei Ake i te Pūnaha me te Whai Huatanga Pūngao
Ko te whakatinanatanga o ngā irahiko UHP me whai hanganga tautoko, tae atu ki ngā pūnaha tuku hiko ngaohiko teitei (hei tauira, ngā hononga tika 110 kV), ngā taura whakamatao-wai, me ngā waeine kohikohi puehu whai hua. Mā ngā hangarau whakaora wera para (hei tauira, te whakaputanga tahi o te oumu pewa hiko mai i waho o te hau) ka piki ake te whai huatanga o te pūngao ki te neke atu i te 60%, ka taea ai te whakamahi pūngao taupatupatu.
Ka mau tonu te tika o tēnei whakamāoritanga i te hangarau, me te piri tonu ki ngā tikanga kupu mātauranga/ahumahi, kia mārama ai mō ngā hunga mātanga.
Wā tuku: Mei-06-2025