Te Matapōkere Tūatahi: Te "Cinderella" o te Ahumahi Whakamahi Hinu
Papamuri: I te tīmatanga o te rautau 20, i te whānui haere o te whakamahinga o te hangarau pakaru hinu mata, i puta mai i ngā whare whakapai hinu he nui ngā hua taha raruraru—ko te kōka hinu. I kiia koinei "te toenga iti rawa" me te uara whakamahinga tino iti.
Ngā Whakamahinga Tuatahi: Ko ōna putanga matua he wahie iti te utu (mō te whakaputa hiko me ngā whare hanga sima) he rauemi mata rānei mō te hanga i ngā irahiko waro (pērā i ngā anode e whakamahia ana i roto i te whakarewa konumohe). I taua wā, he rerekē rawa te kounga, ā, i kiia he rauemi "mata, he pōrearea".
Te Whakaoho o te Pakanga: Te Aranga Ake o te Hanga Rino o te Oumu Āwhata Hiko
Te Wāhi Hurihanga Matua: I te wā o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, i tere te whanaketanga o te hangarau hanga maitai o te oumu pewa hiko (EAF). I te wā o te pakanga, i piki ake te hiahia mō ngā maitai motuhake mahi teitei. Ko te wāhanga matua o te EAF ko te irahiko, me tu atu ki ngā pāmahana pewa hiko tae atu ki te 3000°C, ā, he pai rawa te kawe hiko.
Te Ārai Rauemi: Kāore i tutuki i ngā hiko waro noa ngā whakaritenga. He ngāwari ki te waikura, he tere te paunga, ā, he iti te whai huatanga. I kite te iwi he mea tika kia whakapai ake i te parakore me te hanganga tioata o ngā rauemi mata o te hiko.
Te Whakataki i te "Whakapūtanga Karāhe": I tēnei wā, ko te hangarau "whakapūtanga karāhe", i ahu mai i te hanga a Edward G. Acheson i te karāhe horihori i te mutunga o te rautau 19, i whakamahia ki te kōka hinu. I kitea ko te kōka hinu i tukuna ki te maimoatanga pāmahana teitei i runga ake i te 2500°C i pāngia e te pikinga kounga o te mahi, he tino rite ki ngā hiahia o ngā irahiko EAF. Koinei te tohu tuatahi o te huringa matua o te ao o te kōka hinu—tōna whakapainga mai i te wahie ki te kai ahumahi matua.
Te Kōhatu Matua o te Ahumahi: Te Hononga ki te Ahumahi Konumohe
Hononga Hononga: I muri i te pakanga, i te wā o te hanganga anō ohaoha o te ao, i tere te tipu o te umanga konumohe. Ko te pūtau hiko Hall-Héroult mō te whakaputa konumohe whakarewa i hiahiatia he nui o ngā anode kua tunua i mua, ā, ko te coke petroleum kounga teitei (ina koa ko te "coke matomato" iti-whanariki) te rauemi mata matua.
Te Tiputanga e Ārahihia ana e te Tono: Nā te nui o te tono mai i te umanga konumohe i whakau te mākete mō te kōka hinu, ā, i akiaki i te rangahau hōhonu mō te kounga o te kōka hinu (pēnei i te ihirangi whanariki, ngā poke konganuku, me te tauwehenga whānui wera), ā, i whakatakoto i tētahi turanga ahumahi pakari mō ngā tono whakakāwhata i muri mai.
Wā tuku: Oketopa-10-2025