Te Whakamahinga me te Tātari Painga o te Coke Hinu Whakapūkara i roto i te Ahumahi Hikohiko Konumohe
I. Te Whakamahinga o te Coke Hinu Whakakākā i roto i ngā Poraka Katote me te Whakapiri Anote
1. Te Hanga Poraka Katote
Ko te kōka hinu whakakāwhata te rauemi matua mō te hanga poraka waro katote whakakāwhata. I muri i te maimoatanga whakakāwhata pāmahana teitei i te 3000°C pea, ka neke atu i te 98% te parakore o tōna waro, ā, ka tino piki ake te mātotoru tūturu, ka hanga he hanganga tioata katote tino raupapa. Mā tēnei hanganga ka whakawhiwhia ngā poraka katote ki ēnei āhuatanga:
- Te ātete ki te horo o te konutai: Ka ātete te hanganga graphitized teitei-parakore ki te urunga konutai i te wā o te electrolysis konumohe, ka roa ake te ora ratonga cathode.
- Te whakapai ake i te kawe hiko: Ka tino whakaitihia te ātete o te whakapūkara, ka whakaitihia te hekenga ngaohiko o raro o te pūtau, ka whakaitihia hoki te whakapaunga pūngao whakaputa konumohe mā te 5%–10%.
- Te pumau wera kua arotauhia: Ka whakaitihia te mōrearea o te pakaru i puta mai i te ahotea wera mā te iti o te whānui o te rōrahi i ngā pāmahana tiketike.
2. Te Whakarite i te Whakapiri Anode
I roto i te whakapiri anode, ko te kōka hinu kua whakakāwhatia te mahi matua hei tāpiri waro me te rauemi anga kawe hiko, me ngā pānga e whai ake nei:
- Te kawe hiko whakarei ake: Ka whakatairangahia e te hanganga graphitized te tohatoha iahiko ōrite, ka whakaitihia te ngaohiko nui o te anode.
- Te ātete pai ake i te waikura: Ko te iti o te ihirangi whanariki (te nuinga o te wā <0.06%) ka whakaiti i te pakaru i puta mai i te hau i te wā o ngā tauhohenga ki te CO₂, ka whakaiti i te whakamahinga anode mō ia tana o te maitai (hei tauira, he whakaiti 12% i roto i te tono a tētahi umanga motuhake).
- Hanganga pūwero kua whakapaitia: Ka whakaitihia e te whakakāwhatu te pūwero o te pitch coke, ka whakanuia te kiato o te anode me te kaha ā-ringa.
II. Ngā Painga Matua o te Coke Hinu Whakakākahuria ki te Coke Hinu Whakakākahuria
| Inenga Mahi | Coke Hinu Whakakākahuria | Coke Hinu Whakarewahia |
|---|---|---|
| Te nui o te whanariki | 0.03%–0.06% (momo iti-whanariki) | ~0.5% (momo paerewa) |
| Te tere mimiti | 90%–95% | 80%–90% |
| Te tohu whakairoiro | He tino whakakāwhata (kiato tūturu ≥2.18 g/cm³) | Kua whakakāwhatia wāhanga (kiato tūturu 1.8–2.0 g/cm³) |
| Te nui o te poke | Pungarehu ≤0.15%, mea pupuhi <0.5% | Pungarehu 0.3%–0.8%, mea pupuhi 0.7%–1.5% |
| Tauwehenga whānui wera | Iti (momo ngira kōka) | Teitei (momo kōka hautai) |
| Ngā horopaki tono | Ngā irahiko karāhe mana-teitei, ngā hua waro motuhake | Ngā anode kua tunua i mua, ngā irahiko silicon ahumahi |
Ngā Painga Motuhake:
1. Te Arotautanga o te Mahi Hikohiko
- Ko te ātete o te kōka hinu kua whakakāwhatia he 30%–50% te iti iho i tērā o te kōka kua whakakāwhatia, ā, ka tino whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao pūtau hiko. Hei tauira, i roto i ngā ira kōka ngira 750 mm, ka nui ake te kawe hiko i tērā o te kōka paerewa mā te toru ngā whakarea, ka whakapai ake i te pai o te hanga maitai ki te 25 meneti mō ia oumu.
- Ka whakaitihia e te iti o te ihirangi whanariki ngā tauhohenga i waenga i ngā anode me ngā electrolytes kei roto te fluoride, ka whakaitihia te pupuhi i puta mai i te hau, ka whakaroa ake hoki i te roa o te ora o te anode.
2. Whakapai Ake i te Āhuatanga Mīhini
- Ka whakanui ake te whakakāwhata i te pakeketanga o te rauemi me te ātete ki ngā ru wera. I roto i ngā taiao hiko konumohe pāmahana teitei, ko te tauwehenga whānui wera o ngā poraka katote whakakāwhata he 30% te iti iho i tērā o te kōke kua whakakāwhatatia, ka whakaiti i te kino hanganga mai i ngā piki me ngā heke o te pāmahana.
- Mā te matotoru tuturu teitei (≥2.18 g/cm³) ka whakarei ake i te kiato o ngā rauemi, ka whakaitihia te urunga o te wai konumohe me te memeha o te konutai.
3. Ngā Painga Taiao me te Ōhanga
- Ka whakaitihia ngā tukunga SO₂ e te iti o te ihirangi whanariki, ā, ka tutuki i ngā ture taiao. Hei tauira, i whakaitihia e tētahi tipu konumohe e whakamahi ana i te kōka karāpititi he iti te whanariki te tukunga SO₂ mō ia tana o te konumohe mā te 15%.
- Ahakoa te nui ake o ngā utu (tata ki te 1.5–2 ngā wā i tērā o te kōka kua whakapūkaratia), nā te roa o te ora me te iti o te whakapaunga pūngao i whakakore i ngā haumitanga tuatahi. Hei tauira, i piki ake te ora o te poraka katote mai i te 5 ki te 8 tau, ā, i whakaitihia ngā utu katoa mā te 20%.
III. Ngā Take Taupānga me te Tautoko Raraunga
- Ahumahi Hikohiko Konumohe: I te ao whānui, e 70% o te kōka kua whakapūkarahia e whakamahia ana mō ngā anode hikohiko konumohe, engari kei te piki haere te whakamahi a ngā mākete papai (hei tauira, ngā katote kua whakapūkarahia) i te kōka kua whakapūkarahia. Kotahi te umanga i whakaiti i te whakamahinga o te anode mai i te 420 kg/t-Al ki te 370 kg/t-Al i muri i te whakamahi i ngā katote kua whakapūkarahia, ā, i penapenahia e RMB 200 miriona ia tau.
- Ahumahi Rino: Ko ngā irahiko ngira kōka 750 mm e mau ana i ngā iahiko 100,000 A i tutuki ai te pai o te hanga rino mō te 25 meneti mō ia oumu, me te kawe hiko e toru ngā wā teitei ake i te kōka paerewa.
- Rāngai Rokiroki Pūngao: Nā te kōka whakarewa kua whakarerekētia ki te uku i whakapai ake i te roa o te huringa o te anode waro mārō mā te 400 huringa, ā, kua piki haere te rongonui i roto i ngā mākete pākahiko konutai-ion.
IV. Whakamutunga
Mā te whakakākākā i te pāmahana teitei, ka whakaatuhia e te kōke hinu kua whakakākāhia te parakore, te kawe hiko, me te pumau wera ki te whakahāngai ki te kōke hinu kua whakakāhia, ā, he mea tino pai mō ngā poraka katote hiko konumohe kounga teitei me te whakaputa whakapiri anode motuhake. Ahakoa ngā utu teitei ake, ko tōna roa o te ora, te whai huatanga o te pūngao, me ngā painga taiao e whakanoho ana i a ia hei rauemi nui mō te whakapai ake i te umanga konumohe. Mā ngā whanaketanga ā muri ake nei i roto i te hangarau whakakākākā (hei tauira, te maimoatanga pāmahana tino teitei i te 3000°C) ka whānui ake āna tono ki te kākākā karaehe karihi, ngā anode pākahiko lithium-ion, me ētahi atu mara matatau.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-22-2025