Ka taea te arotau pūnaha i te whakapaunga pūngao me ngā take tukunga waro i roto i te hanga i ngā irahiko karāpeti mā roto i ngā otinga maha-ahu e whai ake nei:
I. Te taha o ngā rauemi mata: Ngā hangarau arotau me te whakakapinga tauira
1. Te Whakakapinga me te Arotautanga o te Tauwehenga mā te Needle Coke
Ko ngā irahiko karāti kaha-tino-teitei e hiahia ana ki te ngira kōka (he nui te tioata me te iti o te tauwehenga whānui wera), engari he nui ake te kaha e pau ana i tana whakaputanga i te hinu kōka. Mā te whakarerekē i te ōwehenga o te ngira kōka ki te hinu kōka (hei tauira, 1.1–1.2 tāne o te ngira kōka mō ia tāne o ngā hua irahiko kaha-tino) ka taea te whakaiti i te whakamahinga pūngao o ngā rauemi mata me te pupuri tonu i te mahi. Hei tauira, ko ngā irahiko kaha-tino-teitei 600mm te whānui i whakawhanakehia i Chenzhou i whakaiti i ngā tukunga CO₂ mai i te hanga maitai oumu pewa hiko tukatuka-poto mā te neke atu i te 70% mā te whakapai ake i ngā ōwehenga rauemi mata.
2. Te Whai Hua o te Herenga
Ko te uku tāra waro, e whakamahia ana hei here, ā, e 25%–35% o ngā rauemi mata, e toe ana he 60%–70% noa iho te toenga i muri i te tunu. Mā te whakamahi i te uku whakarerekētia, te tāpiri rānei i ngā whakakī nano ka taea te whakapai ake i te pai o te here, te whakaiti i te whakamahinga o te here, me te whakaiti i ngā tukunga pūngāwerewere i te wā tunu.
II. Taha Tukanga: Ngā Auahatanga Penapena Pūngao me te Whakaiti i te Whakapaunga
1. Te Arotautanga o te Whakamahinga Pūngao Whakairoiro
- Oumu Whakakāwhatu Raupapa Ā-Roto: Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā oumu Acheson tuku iho, ka whakaitihia te whakapaunga hiko mā te 20%–30% mā te whakamahana i ngā irahiko i roto i te raupapa me ngā rauemi ātete, ka whakaitihia te ngaronga wera.
- Hangarau Whakapūkara Mahana-Iti: Te whakawhanake i ngā whakakorikori hou, te arotau rānei i ngā tukanga maimoatanga wera hei whakaheke i ngā pāmahana whakapūkara mai i te 2,800°C ki raro iho i te 2,600°C, me te whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao mō ia tana mā te 500–800 kWh.
- Ngā Pūnaha Whakaora Wera Para: Mā te whakamahi i te wera para oumu whakakāwhata hei whakamahana i ngā rauemi mata, hei whakaputa hiko rānei, ka pai ake te whai huatanga o te wera mā te 10%–15%.
2. Whakakapinga Wahie Tunu
Mā te whakakapi i te hinu taumaha, te hau waro rānei ki te hau māori ka piki ake te pai o te tahunga mā te 20%, ā, ka whakaitihia ngā tukunga CO₂ mā te 15%–20%. Mā ngā oumu tunu kai tino pai me te hangarau whakamahana paparanga ka whakapotohia ngā huringa tunu, ka tapahia te whakapaunga wahie mā te 10%–15%.
3. Te Whakakī me te Whakamahi Anō i te Whakakī
Mā te hangarau whakakī korehau ka taea te whakaiti i ngā huringa whakakī mā te whakamahi i ngā matū whakakī kua whakarerekētia (0.5–0.8 tāne mō ia tāne o ngā irahiko). Ka eke te tere hangarua o ngā whakakī kōka whakarewa, onepū kuata rānei ki te 90%, ka whakaiti i te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi āwhina.
III. Taha Taputapu: Ngā Whakapai Ake Maamaa me ngā Whakapai Ake Nui
1. Ngā Oumu Nui me te Mana Aunoa
Mā ngā oumu pewa hiko nui rawa te mana-tino-tiketike (UHP) e mau ana i ngā pūnaha whakahaere aukati me te aroturuki i roto i te oumu ka whakaitihia te tere pakaru o te hiko ki raro iho i te 2% me te whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao mō ia tana mā te 10%–15%. Ka whakarerekētia e ngā pūnaha tuku hiko atamai ngā tihi ngaohiko me te iahiko pewa i runga i ngā tohu me ngā tukanga maitai, ka karohia ngā ngaronga waikura tauhohe.
2. Te Hanganga Raina Whakaputa Tonu
Ka whakaitihia te whakapaunga pūngao waenga e te mahi whakaputa tonu mai i te kuru rauemi mata ki te miihini. Hei tauira, ka whakaitihia te whakapaunga pūngao mō ia tana i te mamaoa, i te whakamahana hiko rānei i roto i te tukanga whakaranu mai i te 80 kWh ki te 50 kWh.
IV. Hanganga Pūngao: Mana Kakariki me te Whakahaere Waro
1. Te Whakamahinga o te Pūngao Whakahou
Mā te hanga whare tipu i ngā rohe whai rawa i te rā, i te hau rānei, me te whakamahi i te hiko matomato mō te whakakāwhata (e 80%–90% o te hiko katoa e hangaia ana) ka taea te whakaiti i ngā tukunga waro mō ia tana mai i te 4.48 ki raro iho i te 1.5 tana. Mā ngā pūnaha rokiroki pūngao ka whakataurite i ngā rerekētanga o te whatunga hiko, ka whakapai ake i te whakamahinga hiko matomato.
2. Te Hopu, te Whakamahi, me te Rokiroki Waro (CCUS)
Mā te hopu i te CO₂ e tukuna ana i te wā tunu me te whakakāwhata hei hanga i te konukōre lithium, i ngā wahie hangai rānei, ka taea te hangarua anō i te waro.
V. Kaupapahere me te Mahi Tahi Ahumahi
1. Te Whakahaere Pūmanawa me te Whakakotahitanga Ahumahi
Mā te whakawhāiti i te kaha hou e pau ana te kaha, me te whakatairanga i te kukū o ngā ahumahi (hei tauira, ko te 17.18% o te hea mākete a Fangda Carbon) ka whakamahia ngā ōhanga tauine hei whakaiti i te paunga o te kaha. Mā te whakatenatena i te whakaurunga poutū, pērā i te tuku-ake a Fangda Carbon i te 67.8% o te kōka kua whakapūkaratia me te kōka ngira, ka whakaiti i te whakamahinga pūngao kawe rauemi mata.
2. Te Hokohoko Waro me te Pūtea Kakariki
Mā te whakauru i ngā utu waro ki roto i te utu hua ka whakatenatena i te whakaiti i ngā tukunga. Hei tauira, whai muri i te tīmatanga o ngā rangahau ārai-tuku i runga i ngā irahiko karāhe Hainamana, i whakapai ake ngā kamupene ā-rohe i ngā hangarau hei whakaiti i ngā taumahatanga taake waro. Mā te tuku here matomato ka tautoko i ngā whakahoutanga penapena pūngao, pērā i tētahi kamupene e whakaiti ana i tana ōwehenga nama-ki-rawa mā te whakawhiti nama-ki-te-moni me te putea i te R&D oumu karāhe pāmahana iti.
VI. Akoranga Take: Ngā Pānga Whakaiti Tukunga o ngā Irahiko 600mm o Chenzhou
Ara Hangarau: Arotautanga ōwehenga ngira Coke + oumu whakakāwhata raupapa ā-roto + whakaora wera para.
Whakataurite Raraunga:
- Te whakamahinga hiko: Kua whakaitihia mai i te 5,500 kWh/tēne ki te 4,200 kWh/tēne (↓23.6%).
- Ngā tukunga waro: Kua heke iho i te 4.48 tāne/tāne ki te 1.2 tāne/tāne (↓73.2%).
- Ngā Utu: I heke ngā utu pūngao kotahi mā te 18%, ā, i whakarei ake i te whakataetae mākete.
Whakamutunga
Mā te arotautanga o ngā rauemi mata, te auahatanga tukanga, te whakapai ake i ngā taputapu, te whakawhiti pūngao, me te whakarite kaupapa here, ka taea e te hanga hiko karāhe te whakaiti i te whakamahinga pūngao mā te 20%–30% me te whakaiti i ngā tukunga waro mā te 50%–70%. Mā ngā whanaketanga hou i roto i te karāhe pāmahana iti me te whakamahi i te hiko matomato, kua rite te umanga ki te eke ki te taumata teitei o ngā tukunga waro i te tau 2030, ā, ka tutuki hoki te korenga o te waro i te tau 2060.
Wā tuku: Akuhata-06-2025