Ka taea te whakatika whānui i ngā take tukunga waro i roto i te tukanga whakaputa i ngā irahiko karāhe mā te whakakotahi i ngā whakapainga hangarau, te arotautanga tukanga, me ngā rautaki whakahaere pūngao, e ai ki ngā kōrero i raro nei:
I. Ngā Whakapai Ake Hangarau: Ngā Taputapu Tino Whai Hua me te Whakakapinga Pūngao Ma
1. Te Whakahoutanga Hangarau o te Oumu Whakairoiro
E pau ana i ngā oumu Acheson tuku iho te 3,200-4,800 kWh mō ia tana o ngā irahiko karāhe, ā, he nui ngā rerekētanga pāmahana e arahi ana ki te maumau pūngao. Mā te whakamahi i ngā oumu Karāhe Roa (LWG) ka taea te whakapoto i te wā whakamahana ki te 9-15 hāora, te whakaiti i te whakapaunga hiko mā te 20%-30%, me te whakatutuki i te ātete ōrite. Hei tauira, i whakaitihia e te Kaupapa Waro Xinjiang East Hope te whakapaunga pūngao mō ia tana o ngā irahiko mā te 300 kWh pea mā te whakamahi i ngā oumu LWG, ka whakaitihia ā-korekore ngā tukunga waro.
2. Whakakapinga Pūngao Ma
Ko te hanga i te kotahi tana o ngā irahiko karāpiti e pau ana i te 1.7 tana o te waro paerewa, ā, e 4.5 tana o te CO₂ e tukuna ana. Mā te whakamahi i te hiko matomato (hei tauira, te hiko o te rā, te hiko hau rānei) hei whakahaere i ngā oumu karāpiti ka taea te whakaiti tika i ngā tukunga. Hei tauira, kua whakapiki ake ētahi umanga i roto i a Mongolia o Roto i te ōwehenga o te hiko matomato ki te neke atu i te 50% mā roto i ngā kaupapa whakauru "pūtake-whatunga-kawenga-rokiroki", e whakaiti ana i ngā tukunga waro mō ia tana o ngā irahiko mā te 40%.
3. Ngā Pūnaha Whakaora Wera Para
Mā te tāuta i ngā kohua wera para i ngā wāhanga tunu me te whakakāwhata ka whakahokia mai te hau paipa pāmahana teitei (200-800°C) hei whakaputa mamaoa mō te whakamahana, te whakaputa hiko rānei. I tutuki i te Kaupapa Waro Shanxi Taigu Baoguang te penapena ā-tau tata ki te 2,000 tana o te waro paerewa, ā, i whakaitihia ngā tukunga CO₂ mā te 5,200 tana mā te whakaora i te wera para.
II. Arotau Tukanga: Te Whakaiti i te Whakamahinga Rauemi Mata me te Pūngao
1. Te Tukatuka i mua i ngā Rauemi Mata kua Whakamaeneenetia
- Wāhanga Whakapūngao: Whakahaerehia ngā āhuatanga o te kōka hinu (kiato tūturu ≥ 2.07 g/cm³, ātete ≤ 550 μΩ·m) hei whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao tukatuka i muri mai.
- Tukanga Whakakī: Whakarei ake i te mātotoru o te hua me te whakaiti i te porosity mā te "whakakī takitoru me te tunu whā" te "whakakī takirua me te tunu takitoru rānei." Hei tauira, mā te whakatutukitanga o te tere piki taumaha whakakī tuarua o te ≥9% ka taea te whakaiti i ngā huringa tunu anō me te penapena i te 15%-20% o te whakapaunga pūngao.
2. Te Hanga i te Pāmahana Iti me te Whakapoto i ngā Rere Tukanga
Whakamahia ngā tikanga hanga pāmahana iti (hei tauira, te whakaputanga i te 90-120°C) hei whakaiti i ngā tukunga pūngoi me te whakaiti i ngā pāmahana tunu i muri mai. I te wā kotahi, arotauhia ngā rerenga mahi whakaputa hei whakapoto i te huringa mai i ngā rauemi mata ki ngā hua kua oti, me te whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao.
3. Te Hangarua Hau Para
Ka taea te pure i ngā hau para mai i ngā oumu tunu kai kei roto ngā wāhanga mura pēnei i te CO me te H₂, ā, ka taea te whakamahi anō i roto i ngā pūnaha whakamahana. I whakaorangia e te Kaupapa Xinjiang East Hope tata ki te 300,000 m³ o te hau maori ia tau, ā, i whakaitihia ngā tukunga CO₂ mā te 600 tana mā te hangarau hangarua hau para.
III. Whakahaere Pūngao: Te Whakamamati me te Ōhanga Porowhita
1. Ngā Pūnaha Aroturuki Pūngao Maamaa
Whakatūria ngā pūoko IoT hei aroturuki i ngā raraunga whakapaunga pūngao i te wā tūturu (hei tauira, te hiko me te wera) puta noa i ngā wāhanga whakaputa, me te arotau i ngā tawhā taputapu mā roto i ngā rauropi AI. Hei tauira, i whakaitihia e tētahi umanga te wā mangere o te oumu whakakāwhata mā te 30% mā te aroturuki atamai, ā, i penapenahia ai te tata ki te 500,000 kWh o te hiko ia tau.
2. Te Hopu, te Whakamahi, me te Rokiroki Waro (CCUS)
Tāutahia ngā taputapu hopu waro ki ngā putanga hau o te oumu whakapūkara hei pēhi i te CO₂ mō te werohanga i raro i te whenua, hei whakamahi rānei hei rauemi matū. Ahakoa te nui o ngā utu o nāianei (tata ki te 300-600 RMB/tana CO₂), ko te CCUS te ara roa nui mō te tango waro hohonu.
3. Ngā Tauira Ōhanga Porowhita
- Kore Tukunga Wai Para: Whakamaaramahia ngā wai para o te whare hei whakamahi anō i roto i te horoi hau para, i te whakapaipai whenua rānei, me te whakamahi tonu i te wai para whakaputa. I tutuki i te Kaupapa Shanxi Taigu te kore tukunga wai para, ā, i penapenahia tata ki te 100,000 tana wai ia tau.
- Te Hangarua Para Totoka: Whakahokia te puehu i kohia mai i te whare putea (tata ki te 344 tana/tau) me ngā para o te mira (tata ki te 500 tana/tau) ki te raina whakaputa, hei whakaiti i te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi mata me ngā tukunga e pā ana ki te tukatuka para.
IV. Kaupapahere me te Mahi Tahi o te Mākete: Te Arahi i te Huringa Ahumahi
1. Te Whakatinanatanga o ngā Paerewa Tukunga Tino Iti
Whakaaetia ngā paerewa pēnei i tePaerewa Tukunga o ngā Parahanga mō te Ahumahi Konumohe(GB25465-2010), e whakahau ana i ngā kukū matūriki, SO₂, me NOx o ≤10 mg/m³, ≤35 mg/m³, me ≤50 mg/m³, ia, hei akiaki i ngā whakapainga hangarau.
2. Ngā Whakatenatena Mākete Hokohoko Waro
Whakaurua te hanga hiko karāpeti ki te mākete waro ā-motu hei waihanga herenga ōhanga mā te hokohoko rohenga waro. Hei tauira, ki te whakaitihia e tētahi umanga ngā tukunga waro mō ia tana o ngā hiko mai i te 4.5 tana ki te 3 tana, ka taea e ia te whai hua mai i te hoko atu i ngā rohenga tāpiri, ka whakatairanga i tētahi huringa pai o te whakaiti i ngā tukunga.
3. Tiwhikete Mekameka Tuku Kakariki
Ka taea e ngā kaihanga rino o raro te whakarite i te hoko i ngā irahiko karāhe waro-iti hei whakatenatena i ngā kaihanga o runga ki te whakaiti i ngā tukunga. Hei tauira, i hiahiatia e tētahi tipu rino oumu pewa hiko kia eke ngā kaiwhakarato ki te ≤3.5 tana o ngā tukunga CO₂ mō ia tana o ngā irahiko, me te whakatakoto i te utu nui 10% mō te kore e tutuki i ngā ture.
Wā tuku: 12 o Ākuhata 2025