Tirohanga whānui o te mākete: Mai i Hānuere ki Oketopa o te tau 2022, he pai te mahi whānui o te mākete kōka hinu o Haina, ā, ko te utu o te kōka hinu he ia o te "piki - heke - pumau". Nā te tono i raro iho, kua heke te utu o te kōka hinu i te wāhanga whakamutunga, engari kei te taumata teitei tonu i roto i te hītori. I te tau 2022, i paku piki ake te tuku kōka hinu mai i te hauwhā o mua. Heoi, nā te pānga o ngā Kēmu Orimipia o te Takurua, te pikinga o ngā utu hinu mata o te ao, me te aukati me te whakahaere i ngā mate urutā, i whakaitihia e ngā whare whakapai hinu te whakaputanga i te hauwhā tuatahi i mua i te wā i whakaritea. I āta ora ake te whakaputanga i te hauwhā tuarua, i te mea he nui ngā kawemai kōka hinu, i piki ake te tuku whāwhā waenga me te nui, he iti tonu te tuku kōka whāwhā iti. Ko te whakaputanga konumohe hiko i ngā pito whakararo o te awa i te nuinga o te wā i mau tonu te tipu, ā, nā te motuhanga hiko i Sichuan, Yunnan me ētahi atu rohe i heke ai te whakaputanga, ā, i te nuinga o te wā he pumau te utu konumohe. Nā te ngoikore o te tono mō te carburizer, te electrode graphite, me te pikinga o te tono mō ngā rauemi anode kua rerekē te utu o te kōka hinu waenga me te iti whanariki i ngā rohe. Kua tino pāngia te kōka hinu wahie e te mākete o te ao. Kua roa te kōka whanariki nui e whakamahia ana i roto i te sima me ētahi atu ahumahi e iri ana ki raro. Kua heke te kawemai o te kōka wahie whanariki nui mai i Saudi Arabia tuku iho me te Hononga o Amerika, engari kua tāpirihia te kawemai o te kōka hinu o Venezuelan e te maha o ngā kawemai.
Te mahi utu
I. Koka hinu whanariki waenga me te nui: Mai i Hanuere ki Oketopa 2022, ko te utu mākete o te koka hinu i Haina i whakaatu i te ia whānui o te "piki - heke - pumau". I te 19 o Oketopa, ko te utu tohutoro mō te koka hinu he 4581 yuan/tana, he pikinga 63.08% ki te whakataurite ki te tīmatanga o te tau. Mai i Hanuere ki Āperira, nā te maha o ngā āhuatanga, pērā i ngā here whakaputa i te wā o ngā Olympics Hotoke, ngā here kawe nā te whakahaere i te mate urutā, me te pikinga o ngā utu pūngao o te ao i pāngia e te raruraru o Ruhia-Ukraine, ka piki ake ngā utu whakamahine o ngā whare whakamahine katoa. Nō reira, i whakaitihia te whakaputanga e ngā waeine coking o te maha o ngā whare whakamahine, ā, i mutu te tiaki i mua i ētahi waeine coking. Nō reira, i tino heke te tuku mākete, ā, i tino piki ake ngā utu koka. Hei tāpiri, ko ētahi whare whakamahine i te taha o te awa e tuku ana i te whakaputanga kino o te koka hinu whanariki, ka piki haere te utu o te koka hinu i raro i te taupū kotahi; Mai i Mei, ko ngā waeine coking i katihia, i whakaitihia te whakaputanga kua tīmata anō te whakaputanga. Heoi, hei whakaiti i ngā utu, kua hokona e ētahi whare hanga hinu te hinu mata iti te utu mō te hanga. Nō reira, kua heke te taupū o te kōka hinu whānui i te mākete, ā, he nui te kōka hinu kawemai kua tae mai ki te tauranga, ko te nuinga he kōka hinu whanariki waenga-teitei mai i Venezuela, te Hononga o Amerika, Rūhia, Kānata me ētahi atu whenua. Engari ko te nuinga he vanadium. 500PPM o te kōka hinu whanariki waenga me te nui, ā, kua whakahaeretia e te umanga konumohe o te rohe ngā huānga iti, ka heke te utu o te kōka hinu mō te vanadium teitei (vanadium > 500PPM), ā, ka piki haere te rerekētanga utu i waenga i te kōka hinu vanadium iti me te kōka hinu vanadium teitei. Mai i te marama o Hune, i te mea kei te heke tonu te utu o te kōka hinu, kua uru haere ngā umanga waro o te taha raro ki te mākete ki te hoko. Heoi, i te mea kei te teitei tonu te utu o te kōka hinu mata mō te wā roa i tēnei tau, kua nui ake te pēhanga utu o te taha raro, ā, ko te nuinga o rātou e hoko ana i runga i te tono, ā, kei te mau tonu te utu o te kōka hinu whanariki waenga me te nui i te mahi ohorere.
II. Koka hinu iti-whanariki: Mai i Hānuere ki Hune, i whānui haere te kaha o ngā rauemi anode, i piki ake te hiahia o te mākete, ā, i tino piki ake te hiahia mō te koka hinu iti-whanariki. I te marama o Āperira, i pāngia e te kati o te whare hanga hinu CNOOC mō te tiaki, i noho tonu te utu o te koka hinu iti-whanariki ki te teitei; Mai i Hūrae, i te whakawhāititanga hiko pāmahana teitei, he ngoikore te mahi a te mākete mira maitai o raro, he whakaiti i te whakaputanga, he whakamutua te whakaputanga, me pēnei te āhua o te hiko graphite o raro, he nui ake te whakaiti i te whakaputanga, he wāhanga o te kati, he iti te tautoko o te mākete rauemi kino mō te utu koka hinu iti-whanariki, he tino heke te utu koka hinu iti-whanariki; Mai i Hepetema, kua tae mai te Rā Motu me te Hakari Waenganui-ngahuru tetahi i muri i tetahi. Kua tautokohia e te hea o raro te pikinga o te utu koka hinu iti-whanariki, engari i te taenga mai o te 20 nui, ka ata tangohia e te hunga o raro ngā taonga, ā, kua mau tonu te utu koka hinu iti-whanariki, ā, kua mahia ētahi whakatikatika.
Mō te kōka wahie, i te tau 2022, ka piki ake ngā utu pūngao o te ao, ka noho teitei, ka pōturi hoki ngā utu o waho mō te wā roa, ka hurihia te utu mō te wā roa o te kōka pereti whanariki-nui, ka heke te kawemai o te kōka wahie whanariki-nui mai i Saudi Arabia me te Hononga o Amerika, ā, ka iti te utu o te kōka hinu o Venezuela, nō reira ka tāpirihia te kawemai ki te mākete. He teitei te utu o te kōka pere whanariki-iti, ā, kua whakatikatikaina te tohu tono mō te kōka hinu i roto i te mākete wahie karāhe.
Te taha tuku
1. I paku piki ake te kaha o ngā waeine tunu kua whakaroahia mai i Hānuere ki Oketopa i te tau 2022. I arotahihia te panoni kaha i te marama o Hepetema, i te wā i whakamutua ai te hanga o tētahi huinga waeine tunu 500,000 tana/tau i Shandong, ā, i tukuna ai tētahi huinga waeine tunu 1.2 miriona tana/tau i te Tai Hauāuru o Haina.
Ii. Ko te hanga kōka hinu a Haina i te marama o Hānuere-Hepetema 2022 i piki ake mā te 2.13% i whakaritea ki te marama o Hānuere-Hepetema 2021, i reira ko te katoa o te kai-whaiaro he 2,773,600 tana, he pikinga 14.88% i whakaritea ki te wā kotahi i te tau 2021, nā te mea i tīmata te mahi a ngā waeine kōka hou e rua i Shandong, ā, i tīmata anō i te marama o Hune 2021 me Noema 2021. I tino piki ake te tuku kōka hinu i te mākete; Heoi, i roto i te tau katoa, ko te pikinga o te hanga kōka hinu kei roto i te kōka hinu whanariki reo-rahi me te whanariki teitei, nā te pikinga o te utu hinu mata me te pikinga o te utu whakamahine o ngā whare whakamahine. Ka whakamahia e ētahi whare whakamahine te hinu mata iti hei whakaiti i te utu, ā, ka whakamahia te kōka hinu hei hua taha o te waeine kōka, ka arahi ā-korekore ki te hekenga o te taupū whānui o te mākete kōka hinu. E ai ki ngā tatauranga o Yinfu, ko te hanga o te kōka hinu whanariki reo-rahi me te nui i waenganui i a Hānuere-Hepetema 2022 i piki ake mā te 2.38% ki te whakarite ki tērā i waenganui i a Hānuere-Hepetema 2021.
Iii. Ko te nui o te kōka hinu kawemai mai i Hānuere ki Ākuhata 2022 he 9.1273 miriona tana, he pikinga tau-ki-te-tau o te 5.16%. E ai ki a Bacuan Yinfu, e matapaetia ana ka piki tonu te nui o te kōka hinu kawemai mai i Hepetema ki te mutunga o te tau, ā, e matapaetia ana ka piki tonu te tuku o te kōka hinu kawemai.
Te taha tono
I. Mō te mākete waro konumohe, kua piki haere te utu o te konumohe hikohiko i te mutunga o te raina ki waenga i te 18,000-19000 yuan/tana, ā, kei reira tonu te wāhi hua whānui o te umanga konumohe hikohiko. Ka tīmata te mākete waro konumohe o raro ki te mahi i te taumata teitei mō te wā roa, ā, he pai te tono mō te kōka hinu i te mākete whānui. Heoi, kei raro i te tikanga hoko o te "whakatikatika utu kotahi i roto i te marama", me te utu teitei mō te wā roa o te kōka hinu mata, ka hua ake he pēhanga utu nui ake, me te hoko i runga i te tono.
Ko te mākete hiko karāhe i raro iho ka hokona i runga i te tono. Mai i Hūrae ki Ākuhata, nā te pānga o te pāmahana teitei, i tapahia e ētahi mākete maitai te whakaputanga, i mutu rānei te whakaputanga. I whakaitihia e te taha tuku o ngā umanga hiko karāhe te whakaputanga, ā, i heke nui te tono mō te mākete hiko karāhe. He pumau te tono mō te mākete Carburizer; E tautoko kaha ana te kāwanatanga i te whanaketanga o te umanga pūngao hou. Kua tere te tipu o te kaha whakaputa o te mākete rauemi anode, ā, kua tino piki ake te tono mō te coke hinu. Hei penapena utu, kua whakawhanakehia e ētahi umanga he tukanga hou hei whakakapi i te coke hinu iti-whanariki ki te coke hinu whanariki reo-tiketike, kia whakaitihia ai ngā utu.
III. Mō te kōka wahie, kua piki ake te utu pūngao o te ao i te tau 2022, kua roa te utu o waho e teitei ana, e pōturi ana, kua hurihia te utu mō te wā roa mō te kōka pereti whanariki nui, ā, he toharite te mahi tauwhitinga mākete, engari he pumau te mākete mō te kōka pereti whanariki reo-iti.
Matapae mākete ā muri ake nei
1. Mai i te tirohanga o te tuku kōka hinu, e matapaetia ana ka piki haere tonu te tuku o te mākete kōka hinu, ā, ka whakauruhia te kaha o ngā waeine kōka hou i te wāhanga o muri mai ki te whakaputa i ia wā. E matapaetia ana ka nui ake te kōka hinu whanariki reo-waenga me te nui-whanariki, engari ko te nuinga o ēnei e matapaetia ana ka whakamahia mō te whakamahinga whaiaro, ka iti noa iho te tāpiringa ki te mākete. Ka piki haere tonu te hiahia o ngā umanga ā-rohe mō te kōka hinu, ā, e matapaetia ana ka piki haere tonu te nui o te kōka hinu kawemai.
2. Mai i te tirohanga o te tono o raro, e matapae ana a Bachuan Yinfu ka piki tonu te tono mō te kōka hinu i roto i te umanga o raro i te mutunga o te tau 2022 me te tau 2023. I raro i te mana o te taupatupatu o te ao me te hekenga o te hanga hinu mata e Saudi Arabia me Opec, e matapaetia ana ka noho teitei tonu te utu hinu mata, e tautokona pai ana te wāhanga utu, ā, e matapaetia ana ka piki tonu te hanga konumohe hiko o raro, ā, kei te whakaatu tonu te tono whānui mō te kōka hinu i roto i te umanga i tētahi ia tipu haere. He tere te haumi hou ki te mākete rauemi anode, e matapaetia ana ka piki tonu te tono mō te kōka hinu; E matapaetia ana ka rerekē te utu o te waro i roto i tētahi awhe ka taea te whakahaere i raro i te mana o ngā kaupapa here ōhanga whānui ā-motu. E matapaetia ana ka noho toharite tonu te tono mākete mō te karāhe, te sima, ngā tipu hiko, ngā irahiko me ngā kaihoko whakapūkara.
3. E matapaetia ana ka whai pānga nui tonu ngā kaupapa here ārai me te whakahaere i te mate urutā ki ētahi wāhi, ko te nuinga he whakawhāiti i te kawe waka. E matapaetia ana ka whai pānga tonu ngā kaupapa here wehewehe hiko me te whakahaere i te whakapaunga pūngao ki ētahi wāhi, ā, e matapaetia ana ka iti noa te pānga whānui ki te mākete.
I te nuinga o te wā, e matapaetia ana ka noho tonu te utu o te kōka hinu ki te teitei, ki te koretake hoki i te mutunga o te tau 2022 me te tau 2023. E matapaetia ana ko te awhe utu matua mō te kōka hinu ko te 6000-8000 yuan/tana mō te kōka iti te whanariki (tata ki te 0.5% te whanariki), 3400-5500 yuan/tana mō te kōka waenga te whanariki (tata ki te 3.0% te whanariki, i roto i te 500 vanadium), ā, ko te utu mō te kōka waenga te whanariki (tata ki te 3.0% te whanariki, vanadium > 500) ko te 2500-4000 yuan/tana, ko te utu mō te kōka teitei te whanariki (tata ki te 4.5% ngā taonga whānui) ko te 2000-3200 yuan/tana.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 14-2022