I. Ngā Āhuatanga o te Hanganga Karaihe
Hanganga Paparanga: Ko te hanganga tioata o te kōka hinu kua whakakāwhatia he whatunga papatahi o ngā ngota waro hexagonal. Ka whakarārangihia ēnei whatunga papatahi papatahi, ka hanga he hanganga papatahi noa. Ka honoa ngā papatahi e ngā kaha van der Waals ngoikore, e whakawhiwhi ana i te whakahinuhinu me te anisotropy ki te karāwhata.
Ngā Pūmau Whakarewa: Whai muri i te maimoatanga whakakāwhata, ka tata ngā pūmau whakarewa (a₀ me te c₀) o te kōka hinu ki ērā o te kāwhata tūturu, e tohu ana i te tino ōrite o ō rātou hanganga tioata. Mā tēnei āhuatanga hanganga ka taea e te kōka hinu whakakāwhata te whakaatu i te kawe hiko me te kawe wera tino pai.
Ngā Tawhā Kiriata-iti: Mā te whakamahi i te whakarara hihi-X, ka taea te tatau i ngā tawhā pēnei i te mokowā i waenga i ngā paparanga (d₀₀₂), te whānui toharite o te paparanga (Lₐ), me te teitei o te puranga (Lc) o ngā kiriata-iti i roto i te kōka hinu kua whakakāwhatia. E whakaata ana ēnei tawhā i te rahi me te whakaritenga o ngā kiriata-iti, ā, he tohu nui hoki mō te aromatawai i te nui o te whakakāwhatia.
II. Ngā Pānga o te Tukanga Whakairoiro
Te Whakawhiti mai i te Āhua Kore-āhua ki te Āhua Tioata: I mua i te whakakāwhata, he kore-āhua te hanganga waro o te petroleum coke, e tohuhia ana e te hanganga rauemi "koretake, ā-whāiti hoki". Mā te maimoatanga whakakāwhata (e mahia ana i ngā pāmahana teitei mai i te 2500°C ki te 3000°C), ka huri haere te waro kore-āhua hei hanganga tioata kāwhata toru-ahu kua whakaritea.
Te Pikinga o te Rahi o te Kiriata Moroiti: I te wā e whakakāwhatia ana, ka piki ake te matotoru toharite (Lc) me te whānui (Lₐ) o ngā maramara whakarara waro, ka heke te mokowā i waenga i ngā paparanga (d). Ko te hua o tēnei ka piki ake te rahi o te kiriata moroiti me te hanganga tioata tino pai ake.
Te Whakaiti i te Ātete: I te pikinga ake o te kaha o te whakakāwhata, ka tino heke te ātete o te kōka hinu kua whakakāwhata. Nā te mea, i te wā o te whakakāwhata, ka pai ake te whakaritenga o ngā ngota waro, ka taea ai e ngā irahiko te neke haere noa i roto i ngā paparanga, ā, ka whakarei ake i te kawe hiko.
III. Te Hononga i waenganui i te Hanganga Moroiti me ngā Āhuatanga
Te Arahi Hiko: Mā te hanganga karaihe paparanga o te kōka hinu kua whakakāwhatia ka taea e ngā irahiko te neke noa i roto i ngā paparanga, ka hua ake he kawe hiko tino pai. Nā tēnei āhuatanga ka whānui te whakamahinga o te kōka hinu kua whakakāwhatia ki ngā wāhi pēnei i ngā rauemi irahiko me ngā tāpiringa kawe hiko.
Te Arahi Wera: Nā ngā kaha van der Waals e hono ana i ngā paparanga, ka taea te whakawhiti tere i te wera i roto i ngā paparanga. Nō reira, he pai hoki te kawe wera o te kōka hinu kua whakakāwhatia, ā, he pai mō te hanga rauemi whakamarara wera me ētahi atu whakamahinga.
Ngā Āhuatanga Hangarau: Mā te hanganga tioata o te kōka hinu kua whakakāwhatia ka homai he kaha ā-ringa. Heoi, ki te whakaritea ki ngā rauemi whakarewa, ka ngoikore ake te hononga o ngā paparanga i roto i tōna hanganga paparanga, ā, ka iti ake te kaha piko me te kaha pēhi. Mā tēnei āhuatanga mahi ka hoatu he painga ki te kōka hinu kua whakakāwhatia i roto i ngā āhuatanga e hiahia ana kia tu atu ki ētahi pēhanga engari kāore e hiahiatia he kaha nui.
Wā tuku: 28 o Ākuhata-2025