Ngā Tikanga Maimoatanga Whānui mō ngā Irahiko Puehu me ngā Para o te Graphite
I. Te Maimoatanga Puehu Karāpiti: Te Mahi Tahi Hangarau Maha mō te Whakahaere Whai Hua
1. Ngā Hangarau Whakahaere me te Hopu Pūtake
- Tukanga Kati me ngā Taupoki Kua Kati: Tāutahia ngā taupoki kua kati ki ngā wāhi whakaputa puehu nui (hei tauira, te kuru, te tātari, te kawe) me te hono atu ki ngā tātari putea tino whai hua (hei tauira, ngā kaikohi puehu hiato putea hiko-pūmau). Ka whakaitihia te kukū whakaputa puehu mai i te 2,000–3,000 mg/m³ ki te kukū tukunga o te 20–30 mg/m³, ka eke ki te 99% o te pai o te tango puehu.
- Taputapu Tango Puehu Ārai-Pahū: I te mea he kawe hiko te puehu karāhe me tōna ngāwari ki te mura, whakamahia ngā kaikohi puehu ārai-pahū (hei tauira, ngā wehewehe awhiowhio me ngā tātari putea ārai-pahū) hei whakaiti i ngā mōrearea pahū ina konatunatua ki ngā rauemi mura.
- Ngā Pūnaha Kohikohi Puehu Māku: Whakamahia ngā rehu wai hei whakatau i ngā matūriki puehu, he mea tika mō ngā mahi taputapu. Kia mōhio: Me whakarite kia maroke ngā rauemi hiko (hei tauira, 60–80°C i roto i te oumu whakawhiti mō te 1 hāora) hei ārai i te poke o te hinu dielectric.
2. Te Whakamaemae me te Whakahaere Tukunga Hau
- Tukanga Whakamaarama Maha-Wāhanga: Whakamataohia te hau wera-teitei mā roto i ngā whakawhiti wera, kātahi ka tukuna ma roto i te wehewehe hau (mō ngā matūriki nunui), he paraihe kawakore (hei whakakore i ngā hau waikawa), me te pourewa mimiti waro whakahohe (mō te tango VOC). Ka puta te tukunga whakamutunga ma roto i te puranga hau wera 15-mita te roa, kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga.Paerewa Tukunga Parahanga Hau mō ngā Pūtake Whānui(GB 16297-1996).
- Aroturukitanga me te Arotautanga Ipurangi: Tāutahia ngā pūoko mō ngā kukū matūriki me ngā kukū VOC hei whakarerekē i ngā tawhā pēnei i te pH o te otinga horoi me ngā wā whakakapinga waro whakahohe, me te pupuri i ngā kukū tukunga ki raro i te 120 mg/m³.
3. Ngā Mahi Whakahaere Āwhina
- Whakamakuku Rauemi: Tāpirihia ngā rongoā aukati puehu (hei tauira, te otinga polyacrylamide) ki ngā puranga konganuku me ngā puna paru, me te pupuri i te makuku o te mata ki te 6–8% hei whakaiti i te puehu e rere ana.
- Te Tiaki Taputapu me te Tiaki Kaimahi: Horoia ngā putea tātari i ia wā, tirohia ngā hiri o ngā paipa, ā, hoatu ki ngā kaiwhakahaere he hu N95 me ngā kākahu ātete puehu hei whakaiti i te pānga ki ngā mahi.
II. Te Maimoatanga o te Irahiko Para-Karapi: Te Whakataurite i te Whakaora Rauemi me te Whakakorenga Taiao
1. Te Maimoatanga Tinana i mua
- Te Whakarōpū me te Horoi: Whakarōpūtia ngā irahiko mā te momo (hei tauira, te mana noa, te mana teitei), tangohia te hinu mata me ngā poke whakarewa, ka horoi mā te whakamahi i ngā mīhini ultrasonic (auau 40 kHz) mō te 10–15 meneti.
- Te Kuru me te Tirotiro: Whakamahia ngā mīhini kuru kauae hei whakaiti i ngā irahiko ki ngā matūriki ≤50 mm, kātahi ka tātari mā roto i ngā mata wiri. Puritia ngā matūriki 5–50 mm hei hanga i ngā irahiko kua whakahoutia.
2. Te Whakamaemaetanga Matū me te Whakaora Anō
- Te Whakakākārikitanga Mahana-Teitei: Whakamahanahia ngā matūriki i roto i te oumu whakakākārikitanga i te 2,800–3,000°C mō ngā hāora 4–6 hei tango i ngā poke pūngāwerewere (hei tauira, te whanariki, te hauota), me te whakanui ake i te ihirangi waro pumau ki te ≥99.5%.
- Te Whakarewa Waikawa hei Tango i te Parakore: Rukuhia ngā matūriki kuru ki roto i te waikawa hauwai 15–20% i te 80–90°C mō ngā hāora e 2 hei tango i te konumohe, te rino, me ētahi atu parakore whakarewa. Whakakorehia te tātari i mua i te tukunga.
3. Te Whakamahi Anō i te Irahiko Koranu Motuhake
- Te Wehenga o te Irahiko Platinum-Iridium: Mō ngā irahiko taumata-hauora kei roto ngā koranu platinum-iridium, whakarewahia te platinum ki roto i te aqua regia (80°C mō ngā hāora e 3). Tangohia te iridium mā te hiko tote rewa (pūnaha NaCl-KCl i te 700°C) ka whakapai ake i ngā mea e rua ki te 99.99% te parakore mā te whakamahi i te rewa rohe.
- Whakahoutanga o te Hiko Parahi: Kuruhia ngā hiko para-karapaita, wehea te karapaita (kiato: 1.8–2.1 g/cm³) me te paura parahi (kiato: 8.9 g/cm³) mā te whakamānu, ā, whakapaia te paura parahi hei parahi parakore mā te hikohiko (kiato iahiko: 200 A/m²).
III. Te Tātari Hangarau-Ōhanga me ngā Akoranga Take Ahumahi
1. Whakataurite Utu-Painga
- Tātari Pēke: Te haumitanga tuatahi: ~¥500,000; te utu whakahaere: ¥0.2/m³ o te hau putanga. He pai mō ngā umanga hiko karāti nui (te rahinga putanga ā-tau ≥100,000 m³).
- Ngā Pūnaha Kohikohi Puehu Māku: Te haumitanga taputapu: ¥200,000; te utu otinga wai: ¥0.5/tēne o te wai para. He pai mō ngā awheawhe iti ki te rahi.
- Te Whakahoutanga o te Irahiko Para: Ia tana ka puta he 850 kg o te karāpeti (uara ¥3,000) me te 150 kg o ngā konganuku (uara ¥5,000), ka puta he ¥8,000 te moni whiwhi katoa. Te wā whakahokinga haumitanga: 1.5–2 tau.
2. Ngā Akoranga Take Ahumahi
- Te Hinonga Hiko Karāpiti Matua: I whakamahi i te pūnaha "静电袋式除尘器 (tātari putea hiko) + pourewa mimiti waro whakahohe", e whakaiti ana i ngā tukunga matūriki mai i te 2,000 mg/m³ ki te 15 mg/m³, ā, e 95% te tango VOC. I whakaitihia ngā whiu taiao ā-tau mā te ¥2 miriona.
- Te Whare Hangarua Hiko Hauora: I whakahokia mai ngā koranu konukawata-iridium ki te 99.99% te parakore mā te hiko tote rewa, e whakamahia tika ana i roto i te hanga taputapu nekehanga. I penapenahia te ¥1.2 miriona mō ia tana o ngā hiko para i roto i ngā utu rauemi mata.
IV. Ngā Aratohu Kaupapahere me ngā Ture Whakahaere
- Ngā Paerewa Tukunga: Kia tutuki ki ngāPaerewa Tukunga Parahanga Ahumahi Graphite(GB 31573-2015), e whakahau ana kia tukuna ngā tukunga matūriki ≤30 mg/m³ me ngā VOC ≤100 mg/m³.
- Ngā Whakatenatena Whakaora Rauemi: Whakatenatena i te whakatinanatanga oWhakatakotoranga Hangarau mō ngā Irahiko Whakairoiro Para Hangarua(GB/T 35164-2017) me ngā whakatenatena tāke (hei tauira, 70% whakahokinga VAT mō ngā hua karāpeti kua whakahoutia).
- Ngā Ture Haumaru: Whāia teTe Ture Haumaru mō te Ārai i te Pahūtanga Puehu(GB 15577-2018), e hiahiatia ana ngā taputapu whakaora pahūtanga (pēhanga: 0.01–0.02 MPa) me ngā tirotiro whenua hiko ā-wā mō ngā pūnaha tango puehu.
Wā tuku: 14 o Ākuhata 2025