Me tutuki i te tukanga whakaputa o ngā irahiko karāhe mana-tino teitei ngā whakaritenga pakari mō te kiato o te iahiko, te ahotea wera nui, me ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū pakari. Ko ōna whakaritenga motuhake matua e whakaatuhia ana i roto i ngā wāhanga matua e rima: te whiriwhiri rauemi mata, te hangarau whakahāngai, ngā tukanga whakakī, te maimoatanga whakakārāhe, me te miihini tika, e ai ki ngā taipitopito i raro nei:
I. Kōwhiringa Rauemi Mata: Te Whakataurite i te Parakore Teitei me te Hanganga Motuhake
Ngā Whakaritenga Rauemi Mata Matua
Ko te ngira kōka te rauemi matua nā te mea he teitei te taumata o te whakakāwhata me te iti o te tauwehenga whakawhanuitanga wera (α₀-₀: 0.5–1.2×10⁻⁶/℃), e tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga pumau wera o ngā irahiko mana tino teitei. He nui ake te ihirangi o te ngira kōka i ērā o ngā irahiko mana noa, neke atu i te 60% i ngā irahiko mana tino teitei, engari ko ngā irahiko mana noa e whakamahi ana i te hinu kōka.
Arotau Rauemi Āwhina
Ka whakamahia te pitch whakarerekētia pāmahana-tiketike hei here nā te mea he nui te toenga waro e puta mai ana, ā, he iti hoki te ihirangi pūngāwerewere, ka whakarei ake i te kiato papatipu o te irahiko (≥1.68 g/cm³) me te kaha ā-ringa (kaha piko ≥10.5 MPa). Hei tāpiri, ka tāpirihia he kōka whakarewa hei whakatika i te tohatoha rahi matūriki, hei whakapai ake i te kawe hiko me te ātete ki te ru wera.
II. Hangarau Hanga: Ka wikitoria te Hanga Tuarua i ngā Herenga Rahi
Te Hanganga Hikoi Wiri-Tukunga
Ko ngā tukanga tuku iho e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā extruder nui mō ngā irahiko whānui, engari ko ngā irahiko mana tino teitei e whakamahi ana i te tikanga hanga tuarua:
- Te Whakakikorua Tuatahi: Ka whakamahia he mīhini whakaputa porowhita tonu te teitei kāore i te ōrite te teitei hei pēhi tuatahi i te rauemi whakaranu kia piri kakariki.
- Te Whakawairanga Tuarua: Mā te hangarau whakawairakau wiri ka whakakorea atu ngā hapa o roto o ngā kiato matomato, ka whakapai ake i te ōritetanga o te mātotoru.
Mā tēnei huarahi ka taea te hanga i ngā irahiko whānui (hei tauira, tae atu ki te 1,330 mm) mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu iti ake, ka hinga i ngā herenga tukanga tuku iho.
Te Whakamahinga o ngā Taputapu Tangohanga Maamaa
Mā te mīhini whakaputa hiko karāhe 60 MN e mau ana ki te tautuhinga roa atamai, te kutikuti tukutahi, me ngā pūnaha kawe ka whakapai ake i te tika o te tautuhinga roa mā te 55% ki te whakaritea ki ngā tukanga tuku iho, ka taea ai te whakaputa aunoa tonu, ā, ka tino whakarei ake i te pai me te ōritetanga o te hua.
III. Tukanga Whakakī: Ka Whakarei ake te Whakakī Pēhanga-Teitei i te Kiato me te Kaha
Ngā Huringa Whakakī-Tunu Maha
E 2–3 ngā huringa whakakī pēhanga teitei e hiahiatia ana mō ngā irahiko mana tino teitei mā te whakamahi i te pitch whakarerekē pāmahana-waenga hei whakakī, me te whakahaere i te pikinga taumaha i te 15%–18%. Whai muri i ia whakakī ka tunua tuarua (1,200–1,250℃) hei whakakī i ngā pūwero, ka eke ki te kiato papatipu whakamutunga neke atu i te 1.72 g/cm³ me te kaha pēhanga o te ≥26.8 MPa.
Te Whakahaere Motuhake o ngā Pātea Hononga
Ka whakakīia ngā wāhanga hononga ki te pēhanga teitei (≥2 MPa) me ngā huringa tunu maha hei whakarite i te ātete pa o te ≤0.15 mΩ, kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga tuku iahiko teitei.
IV. Maimoatanga Whakakāwhata: Te Huringa Pāmahana Tino-Teitei me te Arotau i te Whai Huatanga Pūngao
Te Tukatuka Pāmahana Tino-Teitei o te Oumu Acheson
Me eke te pāmahana whakakāwhata ki te ≥2,800℃ hei huri i ngā ngota waro mai i te whakaritenga koretake e rua-ahu ki te hanganga kāwhata kua whakaritea e toru-ahu, kia tutuki ai te ātete iti (≤6.5 μΩ·m) me te kawe wera teitei. Hei tauira, i whakapotohia e tētahi umanga te huringa whakakāwhata ki te rima marama, ā, i whakaitihia te whakapaunga pūngao mā te arotau i ngā hanganga rauemi whakamahana.
Ngā Hangarau Penapena Pūngao Whakauru
Mā ngā hangarau penapena pūngao auau rerekē me ngā tauira whai huatanga pūngao hihiri ka taea te aroturuki i ngā kawenga taputapu i te wā tūturu me te whakawhiti aunoa i ngā aratau whakahaere, ka whakaitihia te whakapaunga pūngao rōpū papu mā te 30% me te tino whakaheke i ngā utu whakahaere.
V. Mīhini Tika: Mā te Mana Tika-Teitei ka Whakarite te Mahi Whakahaere
Ngā Whakaritenga Tika o te Mīhini Mīhini
Ko ngā ātete whānui o te irahiko he ±1.5%, ko ngā ātete roa katoa he ±0.5%, ā, ka eke te tika o te miro hononga ki te Akomanga 4H/4h. Ka tutukihia te whakahaere āhuahanga tino tika mā te whakamahi i te mīhini CNC me ngā pūnaha kimi ipurangi, hei ārai i ngā piki me ngā heke o te iahiko i puta mai i te rerekētanga o te irahiko i te wā e whakahaerehia ana te oumu pewa hiko.
Arotautanga Kounga Mata
Mā te hangarau whakaputa kore-para ka whakaitihia ngā āheinga miihini, ka whakapai ake i te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi mata. Mā ngā hoahoa pūwero piko ka arotauhia te kawe hiko, ka piki ake te hua o te hua mā te 3% me te whakarei ake i te kawe hiko mā te 8%.
Wā tuku: Hurae-21-2025