Ko te oumu whakapūmau tonu te taputapu matua mō te hanga kōka hinu kua whakapūmautia. Nā ōna painga hangarau me ōna āhuatanga tukanga kua waiho hei whiringa matua i roto i te umanga, e ai ki ngā whakamārama i raro nei:
I. Te Tūranga Matua o ngā Oumu Whakapūmau Tonu
1. Te Mātāpono Tukanga
Mā te pāmahana teitei (tata ki te 3000°C) me te maimoatanga hiko, ka hurihia e ngā oumu whakapūkarapa tonu ngā ngota waro i roto i te kōka hinu mai i te whakaritenga koretake ki te hanganga whatunga hexagonal, ōrite te whakaritenga. Mā tēnei tukanga ka nui ake te kawe hiko me te pumau o te wera o te kōka hinu, ka waiho hei tāpiri waro pai rawa atu me te rauemi mata mō ngā irahiko whakapūkarapa.
2. Ngā Painga Whakataurite Ahumahi
- Te Ōumu Acheson Tuku Iho: Me utaina, me whakamahana, me whakamatao hoki, ā, ka nui te whakapaunga pūngao me te roa o te huringa (tata ki te 15-20 rā). Hei tāpiri, me nui ngā rauemi whakamahana (pēnei i te kōka) hei whakakī, ā, ka nui te utu me te iti o te whai huatanga.
- Te Oumu Whakakāwhata Tonu: Ka taea te whāngai tonu, te whakakāwhata, me te tuku i ngā rauemi mata, me te oumu kotahi e kaha ana ki te whakaputa 50-100 tana ia rā. Ka whakaitihia te whakapaunga pūngao mā te 30%-50%, ā, kāore he rauemi whakakī e hiahiatia ana, ka whakaitihia te whakaputanga para.
II. Ngā Āhuatanga Hangarau o ngā Oumu Whakapūmau Tonu
1. Te Whai Hua me te Tiaki Pūngao
Ka whakamahia e te tinana oumu he hanganga whakamarumaru maha-paparanga (hei tauira, he mea hanga ki te huruhuru waro, he mea hanga ki te huruhuru karāpeti) hei whakaiti i te ngaronga wera, hei whakanui ake i te pai o te wera ki te neke atu i te 80%. Ka whakaratohia e te pūnaha whakamahana ātete te whakahaere pāmahana tika, hei ārai i te wera nui, te wera iti rānei o te rohe, ā, ka whakarite i te kounga whakakārāpeti pumau.
2. Mana Aunoa
He pūnaha whakahaere PLC tōna, ā, ka aroturuki tonu i ngā tawhā pēnei i te pāmahana, te pēhanga, me te iahiko, ka whakarerekē aunoa i te mana whakamahana me te tere whāngai. Ka tautokohia e ngā āheinga aroturuki mamao ngā whakatūpato hapa me te arotau tukanga, ka whakaitihia te wawaotanga ā-ringa.
3. Te Mahi Taiao
Ka whakaitihia e te hoahoa oumu kua kati ngā tukunga puehu me ngā putanga hau, ā, ka tutuki i ngā waeine tango pūngao me te tango puehu ngā paerewa taiao. Ka whakamahia e te pūnaha whakaora wera para te wera hau hei whakamahana i ngā rauemi mata, ka whakaitihia anō te whakapaunga pūngao.
III. Ngā Wāhanga me ngā Mahi o ngā Taputapu Matua
1. Hanganga o te oumu
- Rohe Whakamahana: He mea tito mai i ngā irahiko karāpeti, i ngā waea ātete rānei, ka whakaratohia he taiao pāmahana teitei.
- Paparanga Ārai: Ka whakamahia te rino waro, te rino karāpiti rānei hei whakaiti i te ngaronga wera.
- Pūnaha Whāngai: Mā ngā kaikawe tīwiri, ngā whāngai wiri rānei ka whakarite kia haere tonu, kia ōrite hoki te tuku rauemi mata.
- Pūnaha Tukunga: Ka tere te whakamatao o ngā hua kua whakakākahuria e ngā taputapu whakamatao-wai, whakamatao-hau rānei hei ārai i te waikura.
2. Taputapu Āwhina
- Mīhini Kuru me te Tātari: Ka wahia te kōka hinu mata kia 1-6mm te matotoru hei whakarite i te whakamahana ōrite.
- Pūnaha Tango Puehu: Ka kohia te puehu e ngā tātari putea, ngā pūwhakaoho hiko rānei, hei whakamā i ngā hau putanga.
- Pūnaha Whakahaere: Mā ngā pūnaha PLC, DCS rānei ka taea te whakahaere aunoa puta noa i te tukanga.
IV. Ngā Take Tono me ngā Painga Ōhanga
1. Ngā Kaupapa Noa o te Whare
I whakamahia e tētahi kamupene tētahi oumu whakakāwhata tonu hei whakaputa i ngā tāpiringa waro kōka hinu whakakāwhata, ā, ka eke ki te putanga o ia rā o te 80 tāne mō ia oumu. I heke te whakapaunga hiko mō ia tāne mai i te 6000 kWh i roto i ngā oumu tuku iho ki te 3500 kWh, ā, neke atu i te tekau miriona yuan te penapena i ngā utu hiko ā-tau. Ko te ihirangi waro pumau o te hua he ≥98.5%, ā, ko te ihirangi whanariki he ≤0.05%, e eke ana ki ngā paerewa matatau o te ao, ā, e whakakapi ana i ngā hua kawemai.
2. Ngā Auahatanga Whakawhanaketanga o te Ao
E whakamahia whānuitia ana te hangarau whakakāwhata tonu i Ūropi me te Hononga o Amerika, me ngā pūnaha whakahaere atamai mō te hanga kore tangata. Kua arotauhia e ngā kamupene Hapanihi ngā hanganga oumu hei whakahaere i te ōritetanga o te pāmahana whakakāwhata i roto i te ±5°C, hei whakarei ake i te ōritetanga o te hua.
V. Ngā Taunakitanga Kōwhiringa
1. Te Whakataurite i te Kaha
Kōwhiria te rahi o te oumu i runga i te hiahia o te mākete: he pai ngā oumu iti (10-30 tāne/rā) mō te R&D, mō te whakaputa iti rānei, ko ngā oumu nui ia (neke atu i te 50 tāne/rā) he pai mō te whakaputa ahumahi.
2. Ngā Tawhā Hangarau
- Te Pāmahana Mōrahi: ≥3000°C (kia tino mārama ai te āhua o te whakairoiro).
- Te ōritetanga o te pāmahana: ≤±10°C (hei ārai i te wera nui, te wera iti rānei o te rohe).
- Te Whakamahinga Pūngao: ≤3500 kWh/tēne (i raro iho i te toharite o te ahumahi).
3. Kōwhiringa Kaiwhakarato
Whakatairangahia ngā kaihanga kua whakamanahia ō rātou hītori mahi me te tautoko kaha i muri i te hoko, pērā i ētahi kamupene ahumahi taumaha me ngā mīhini o te rohe. Kua paahitia e rātou te tiwhikete ISO, ā, kua kaweake ki Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti me Ūropi.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-02-2025