He hua totoka mura te kōke hinu, i tangohia mai i ngā toenga hinu me te uku hinu mā te kōke. He mangu te tae, he pūwero, ko te huānga matua ko te waro, ā, he tino iti te nui o te pungarehu, i raro iho i te 0.5%. He momo waro ngāwari te kōke hinu, he whānuitia ngā whakamahinga o te kōke hinu i roto i te ahumahi matū, te whakarewa me ētahi atu ahumahi, ā, koinei te rauemi mata matua mō te hanga hua kōke horihori me ngā hua waro konumohe hiko.
E ai ki te pāmahana tukatuka wera, ka taea te wehewehe i te kōka hinu kia rua ngā momo: te kōka mata me te kōka kua whakapūkaratia. Ko te kōka hinu o mua i whiwhi mai i te whakapūkaratia whakaroa he nui ngā matū whakakorikori, ā, he iti te kaha miihini. Ko te kōka kua whakapūkaratia ka whiwhi mā te whakapūkaratia. Ko te nuinga o ngā whare hanga hinu i Haina ka whakaputa kōka mata anake, ā, ko te nuinga o ngā mahi whakapūkaratia ka mahia i roto i ngā tipu waro.
Ka taea te wehewehe i te kōka hinu ki te kōka whanariki teitei (kei roto neke atu i te 1.5% te whanariki), te kōka whanariki waenga (kei roto 0.5% -1.5% te whanariki), me te kōka whanariki iti (kei roto iti iho i te 0.5% te whanariki). Ko ngā irahiko karāpeti me ētahi atu hua karāpeti horihori e whakamahi ana i te nuinga o te wā i te hanga kōka whanariki iti.
Ko te kōka ngira he momo kōka kounga teitei, he mārama te kakano muka, he iti te tauwehenga whānui wera, he ngāwari hoki te whakakāwhata. Ina pakaru te poraka kōka, ka taea te wehewehe ki ngā matūriki rīpene angiangi e ai ki te kakano (ko te ōwehenga āhua he nui ake i te 1.75), ā, ka taea te kite i te hanganga muka anisotropic i raro i te karu hiko mārama polarized, nō reira ka kiia ko te kōka ngira.
He tino kitea te āhua ā-tinana me te āhua ā-pūkaha o te ngira kōke, ā, he pai te kawe hiko me te wera e whakarara ana ki te tuaka roa o ngā matūriki, ā, he iti te tauwehenga whānui wera. I te wā e hangaia ana te ngira kōke, ka whakaritea te tuaka roa o te nuinga o ngā matūriki kia rite ki te ahunga o te whakaputanga. Nō reira, ko te ngira kōke te rauemi mata matua mō te hanga i ngā irahiko karāhe mana-teitei, mana-tino-teitei rānei, he iti te ātete, he iti te tauwehenga whānui wera, ā, he pai te ātete ki ngā ru wera.
Ka wehea te kōka ngira ki te kōka ngira hinu i hangaia mai i ngā toenga hinu me te kōka ngira waro i hangaia mai i te uku waro kua parakore.
Ko te uku waro tētahi o ngā hua matua o te tukatuka hohonu o te uku waro. He ranunga o ngā momo warowaihā, he pango matotoru teitei, he totoka-haurua, he totoka rānei i te pāmahana rūma, kāore he ira rewa pumau, ka whakangawarihia i muri i te wera, kātahi ka rewa, me te mātotoru o te 1.25-1.35g/cm3. E ai ki tōna ira whakangawari, e toru ngā momo uku pāmahana iti, pāmahana waenga me te pāmahana teitei. Ko te hua o te uku pāmahana waenga ko te 54-56% o te uku waro. He tino uaua te hanganga o te uku waro, e pā ana ki te āhuatanga o te uku waro me te ihirangi o ngā heteroatoms, ā, ka pāngia hoki e te pūnaha tukanga tunu me ngā tikanga tukatuka o te uku waro. He maha ngā taupū hei whakaahua i ngā āhuatanga o te uku waro, pērā i te ira whakangawari uku, te toluene kore-rewa (TI), te quinoline kore-rewa (QI), te uara tunu me ngā āhuatanga rheological o te uku waro.
E whakamahia ana te uku waro hei here me te kaiwhakakī i roto i te umanga waro, ā, he nui te pānga o ōna āhuatanga ki te tukanga whakaputa me te kounga hua o ngā hua waro. Ko te tikanga, ka whakamahia e te uku here te uku pāmahana-waenga, te uku whakarerekē pāmahana-waenga rānei me te ira whakangawari ngawari, te uara kōkō teitei me te kapia beta teitei, ā, me whakamahi e te kaihoko whakakī te uku pāmahana-waenga me te ira whakangawari iti, te QI iti me te rheology pai.
Te wā tuku: Hui-tanguru-07-2025