He maha ngā painga o te paura karāpiti e whakamahia ana hei hiko karāpiti. Heoi, me pēhea te whakaputa i ngā painga o tēnei rauemi, te whakatutuki i te whakapainga pono o te whai huatanga, te whakaiti i ngā utu me te whakanui ake i te whakataetae mākete, ehara i te mea ko ēnei anake ngā take hei whakaaroaro mā ngā kaihanga karāpiti, engari ko ngā raruraru hoki me aro nui ki ngā kaiwhakamahi karāpiti. Nō reira, i te wā e whakamahia ana ngā rauemi karāpiti, ko ēhea ngā raruraru me whakatau tuatahi?
Te tango puehu: Nā te hanganga matūriki angiangi o te karāpeti, he nui te puehu ka puta i te wā tukatuka miihini, he pānga nui tēnei ki te taiao wheketere. Hei tāpiri, ko te pānga o te puehu ki ngā taputapu e kitea ana i roto i tōna awe ki te pūtake hiko o ngā taputapu. Nā te pai o te kawe hiko o te karāpeti, ina uru ki te pouaka hiko, ka ngāwari ki te whakaputa i ngā ara iahiko poto me ētahi atu hapa. Nō reira, e taunakihia ana kia whakauruhia he mīhini tukatuka karāpeti motuhake mō te tukatuka. Heoi, nā te nui o te utu haumi o ngā taputapu tukatuka motuhake mō te karāpeti, he maha ngā umanga e tino tupato ana ki tēnei mea. I raro i ēnei āhuatanga, ka taea te whakamahi i ēnei otinga e whai ake nei:
Te tuku atu i ngā hiko karāpiti ki waho: I te mea kei te whānui haere te whakamahinga o te karāpiti i roto i te umanga pokepokea ai, kua nui haere ngā umanga hanga kirimana pokepokea ai (OEM) kua whakauru mai i te pakihi OEM o ngā hiko karāpiti.
I muri i te tukatuka rumaki hinu: I muri i te hokonga o te karāpeti, ka rumakina tuatahitia ki roto i te hinu mura mō tētahi wā (ko te roa o te wā e whakawhirinaki ana ki te rahinga o te karāpeti), kātahi ka whakanohoia ki roto i tētahi pokapū mīhini hei tukatuka. Mā tēnei, e kore e rere te puehu karāpeti engari e taka ki raro. Mā tēnei ka whakaitihia te pānga ki ngā taputapu me te taiao.
Te whakarerekē i tētahi pokapū mīhini: Ko te mea e kiia nei ko te whakarerekētanga ko te tāuta i tētahi kaihoroi korehau ki tētahi pokapū mīhini noa.
Te āputa tukunga i te wā e tukatukahia ana te karāpiti tukunga: Kāore i rite ki te parahi, nā te tere o te tukunga o ngā irahiko karāpiti, he nui ake te para tukatuka ka waikura i ia wā. Ka raru te tango tika i te para. Nō reira, me nui ake te āputa tukunga i tērā o te parahi. I te nuinga o te wā, i te wā e whakatakotohia ana te āputa tukunga, ko te āputa tukunga o te karāpiti he 10 ki te 30% te nui ake i tērā o te parahi.
Te mārama tika ki ōna ngoikoretanga: Haunga te puehu, he ngoikoretanga anō hoki tō te karāpeti. Hei tauira, i te tukatuka i ngā pokepoke mata whakaata, ki te whakaritea ki ngā irahiko parahi, he iti ake te tūponotanga o ngā irahiko karāpeti ki te whakatutuki i te hua e hiahiatia ana. Hei whakatutuki i te hua mata pai ake, me whiriwhiri te rahi matūriki pai rawa atu o te karāpeti, ā, ko te utu o tēnei momo karāpeti he 4 ki te 6 ngā wā teitei ake i te karāpeti noa. Hei tāpiri, he iti noa te whakamahinga anō o te karāpeti. Nā te tukanga whakaputa, he iti noa te wāhanga o te karāpeti ka taea te whakamahi mō te whakaputa me te whakamahi. Kāore e taea te whakamahi anō i te karāpeti para i muri i te miihini tuku hiko i tēnei wā, nā reira ka puta he wero ki te whakahaere taiao o ngā umanga. I roto i tēnei whakaaro, ka taea e mātou te whakarato i te hangarua kore utu o te karāpeti para mō ngā kiritaki kia kore ai e raru mō tā rātou tiwhikete taiao.
Te pakarukaru i roto i te tukatuka miihini: I te mea he pakarukaru ake te karāpeti i te parahi, ki te tukatukahia te karāpeti mā te whakamahi i te tikanga kotahi me ngā irahiko parahi, ka ngawari te pakarukaru o ngā irahiko, inā koa i te tukatuka i ngā irahiko angiangi. I runga i tēnei whakaaro, ka taea te whakarato tautoko hangarau kore utu ki ngā kaihanga pokepoke. Ko te nuinga o tēnei ka tutuki mā te whiriwhiri i ngā taputapu tapahi, te ara o te haere o ngā taputapu, me te whirihoranga tika o ngā tawhā tukatuka. I hangaia ngā tauira karāpeti maori mā te pēhi makariri me te kore he here mā te whakamahi i te karāpeti maori. I akohia ngā pānga o ngā huringa o te pēhanga hanga me te wā pupuri pēhanga ki te mātotoru, te porosity me te kaha piko o ngā tauira. I tātarihia te whanaungatanga i waenga i te hanganga moroiti me te kaha piko o ngā tauira karāpeti maori. E rua ngā pūnaha, te waikawa boric - urea me te tetraethyl silicate - acetone - waikawa hydrochloric, i tīpakohia hei ako me te matapaki i ngā āhuatanga me ngā tikanga ārai mate o te paura karāpeti maori me ngā tauira irahiko karāpeti maori i mua me muri i te maimoatanga ārai mate. Ko ngā ihirangi rangahau matua me ngā hua e whai ake nei: I akohia te mahi hanga o te karāpeti maori me te awe o ngā āhuatanga hanga ki te hanganga moroiti me ngā āhuatanga. E whakaatu ana ngā hua, ko te nui ake o te pēhanga hanga o te tauira karāpeti maori, ko te nui ake o te kiato me te kaha piko o te tauira, engari ko te iti ake o te porosity o te tauira. He iti noa te pānga o te wā pēhanga pupuri ki te kiato o te tauira. Ina neke atu i te 5 meneti, he pai ake te kaha hanga o te tauira. E whakaatu ana te kaha piko i te anisotropy mārama, ā, ko te kaha piko toharite i ngā ahunga rerekē ko 5.95MPa, 9.68MPa, me te 12.70MPa. He hononga tata te anisotropy o te kaha piko ki te hanganga moroiti o te karāpeti.
I rangahauhia ngā āhuatanga ārai-mate o te pūnaha boron-hauota i whakaritea mā te tikanga otinga me te tikanga sol, me te paura graphite maori i pania ki te sol silica i mua atu, ā, i muri mai. E whakaatu ana ngā hua, i te pikinga ake o te maha o ngā whakakī, ka piki ake te nui o te sol silica me te pūnaha boron-hauota i pania ki te mata o te paura graphite, ā, ka pai ake te āhuatanga ārai-mate. Ko te pāmahana waikura tuatahi o te graphite maori ko 883K, ā, ko te tere whakaheke taumaha waikura i te 923K ko 407.6mg/g/h. E iwa ngā wā i whakakīia ai te paura graphite ki roto i te pūnaha waikawa boric – urea me te pūnaha ethyl silicate – ethanol – waikawa hydrochloric. I muri i te maimoatanga wera mō te 1 hāora i raro i te hau o te 1273K me te N2, ko te tere whakaheke taumaha waikura o te graphite maori i te 923K ko 47.9 mg/g/h me te 206.1mg/g/h. I muri i te whakamahana mō te 1 hāora i roto i ngā āhuarangi N2 o te 1973K me te 1723K, ko ngā tere whakaheke taumaha waikura o te karāpeti maori i te 923K he 3.0mg/g/h me te 42.0mg/g/h; Ka taea e ngā pūnaha e rua te whakaiti i te tere whakaheke taumaha waikura o te karāpeti maori, engari he pai ake te pānga antioxidant o te pūnaha waikawa boric - urea i tērā o te pūnaha ethyl silicate - etanoru - waikawa hauwaiora.
Ko ngā irahiko karāpiti e whakamahia nuitia ana i roto i ngā ahumahi nui pēnei i te hanga maitai oumu hiko, te hanga whākawa i roto i ngā oumu konganuku, te whakarewa hiko o te onepu konupūmā, te whakarite whakarewa hiko o ngā rauemi ātete, te hiko konumohe, me te hanga whākawa ahumahi, te silicon, me te konupūmā carbide. E rua ngā momo o ngā irahiko karāpiti: ngā irahiko karāpiti tūturu me ngā irahiko karāpiti horihori. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā irahiko karāpiti horihori, kāore e hiahiatia he tukanga matū karāpiti mō ngā irahiko karāpiti tūturu. Nō reira, ka tino heke te huringa whakaputa o ngā irahiko karāpiti tūturu, ka tino heke te whakapaunga pūngao me te parahanga, ā, ka tino heke ngā utu. He mārama ngā painga utu me ngā painga ōhanga, koinei tētahi o ngā take matua mō te whanaketanga o ngā irahiko karāpiti tūturu.
Hei tāpiritanga, he hua tukatuka hohonu nui ngā irahiko karāhe taiao, ā, he nui te uara o te whanaketanga me te whakamahinga. Heoi, ko te mahi hanga, te ātete waikura me ngā āhuatanga miihini o ngā irahiko karāhe taiao he iti iho i ērā o ngā irahiko karāhe horihori, koinei te arai matua ki tō rātou whanaketanga. Nō reira, ko te wikitoria i ēnei arai te mea nui ki te whakawhanake i te whakamahinga o ngā irahiko karāhe taiao.
I rangahauhia ngā āhuatanga ārai-mate o te pūnaha boron-hauota i whakaritea mā te tikanga otinga me te tikanga sol, me ngā poraka graphite maori i pania ki te sol silica i mua atu, ā, i muri mai. E whakaatu ana ngā hua ka kino haere te āhuatanga ārai-mate o ngā poraka graphite maori i pania ki te sol silica i te pikinga ake o te maha o ngā whakakī. He pai ake ngā āhuatanga ārai-mate o ngā poraka graphite maori i pania ki te pūnaha boron-hauota i te pikinga ake o te maha o ngā whakakī. Ko ngā reiti whakaheke taumaha waikura o ngā poraka graphite maori i te 923K me te 1273K he 122.432mg/g/h me te 191.214mg/g/h, ia. I whakakīia ngā poraka graphite maori e iwa ngā wā i roto i te pūnaha waikawa boric – urea me te pūnaha ethyl silicate – ethanol – waikawa hydrochloric. I muri i te maimoatanga wera mō te 1 hāora i roto i te hau o te 1273K me te N2, ko ngā reiti whakaheke taumaha waikura i te 923K he 20.477mg/g/h me te 28.753mg/g/h, ia. I te 1273K, ko te 37.064mg/g/h me te 54.398mg/g/h ia; I muri i te maimoatanga i te 1973K me te 1723K ia, ko ngā tere whakaheke taumaha waikura o ngā poraka karāpeti maori i te 923K ko te 8.182 mg/g/h me te 31.347mg/g/h ia; I te 1273K, ko te 126.729mg/g/h me te 169.978mg/g/h ia; Ka taea e ngā pūnaha e rua te whakaiti nui i te tere whakaheke taumaha waikura o ngā poraka karāpeti maori. Waihoki, he pai ake te pānga ārai mate o te pūnaha waikawa boric - urea i te pūnaha ethyl silicate - ethanol - waikawa hydrochloric.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-12-2025