He kaupapa rongonui te "whakawhāiti i te mana hiko" i Haina mai i te marama o Hepetema. Ko te take o te "whakawhāiti i te mana hiko" he whakatairanga i te whāinga o te "kore waro" me te whakahaere i te whakapaunga pūngao. Hei tāpiri, mai i te tīmatanga o tēnei tau, he maha ngā purongo utu matū kua puta mai i muri i tētahi, i roto i ēnei ko te hiko karāti, he rauemi tino nui i roto i te umanga maitai, kāore i te tino arohia e te mākete i tēnei tau, me te umanga maitai me te kore waro.
Mekameka ahumahi: e whakamahia ana i te nuinga o te wā i roto i te hanga maitai
Ko te irahiko karāpiti he momo rauemi kawe karāpiti ātete pāmahana teitei, ka taea e te irahiko karāpiti te kawe i te au me te whakaputa hiko, kia rewa ai te rino para i roto i te oumu pupuhi, i ētahi atu rauemi mata rānei hei whakaputa maitai me ētahi atu hua whakarewa, e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga maitai. Ko te irahiko karāpiti he momo rauemi he iti te ātete me te ātete ki te pikinga wera i roto i te oumu pewa hiko. Ko ngā āhuatanga matua o te hanga irahiko karāpiti ko te huringa whakaputa roa (e toru ki te rima marama te roa), te nui o te whakamahinga hiko me te tukanga whakaputa uaua.
Te āhua o te mekameka ahumahi o te hiko karāhe:
Ko te mekameka o te umanga hiko graphite i runga ake i ngā rauemi mata ko te nuinga mō te coke hinu, te ngira coke, ko te ōwehenga o ngā rauemi mata e whakaatu ana i te utu hanga hiko graphite he nui ake, neke atu i te 65%, nā te hangarau me te hangarau hanga ngira coke a Haina i whakaritea ki a Hapani me ētahi atu whenua he nui tonu te āputa, he uaua ki te whakarite i te kounga o te ngira coke ā-rohe, nō reira he tiketike tonu te whakawhirinaki o Haina ki te ngira coke kounga teitei. I te tau 2018, ko te tapeke o te ngira coke i Haina he 418,000 tana, ko te 218,000 tana i kawemai, neke atu i te 50%. Ko te tono matua o ngā hiko graphite kei roto i te hanga maitai eAF.
Ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia te hiko karāpiti i roto i te whakarewa rino me te maitai. Ko te whanaketanga o te umanga hiko karāpiti i Haina he rite tonu ki te whakahoutanga o te umanga rino me te maitai Haina. I tīmata te hiko karāpiti o Haina i te tekau tau atu i 1950. Kua wehea e Warburg Securities te whanaketanga o te hiko karāpiti i Haina kia toru ngā wāhanga:
1. I tīmata te whanaketanga i te tau 1995 — i hangaia nuitia i te tau 2011;
2. I kaha ake te rerekētanga o ngā umanga i te tau 2013 — i tino pai ake te ōhanga i te tau 2017;
3. Kei te heke te tau 2018 — kei te pakaru mai ngā pakanga utu i te tau 2019.
Te tuku me te tono: ko te nuinga o te tono ko te maitai o te oumu hiko
Mō te putanga me te kai, e ai ki te tātaritanga a Frost Sullivan, i heke te hanga o ngā hiko karāpeti i Haina mai i te 0.53 miriona tana i te tau 2015 ki te 0.50 miriona tana i te tau 2016, e whakaatu ana i te hekenga iho. I te tau 2020, i pā kino te mate urutā ki ngā mahi a ngā kaihanga nā te here whakahaere i ngā hāora mahi, te whakararuraru i ngā kaimahi me ngā huringa o ngā tikanga whakahaere.
Nā reira, kua tino heke te hanga hiko karāpeti a Haina. E matapaetia ana ka eke te hanga ki te 1,142.6 kirotana i te tau 2025, me te cagR tata ki te 9.7% mai i te tau 2020 ki te 2025, i te mea ka tīmata anō ngā mahi me te tautoko kaupapa here a ngā kaiwhakahaere mō te whanaketanga maitai eAF.
Koinā te putanga, kātahi ka pau. I tīmata te pikinga o te whakamahinga o ngā hiko karāpiti i Haina mai i te tau 2016, tae atu ki te 0.59 miriona tana i te tau 2020, me te cagR o te 10.3% mai i te tau 2015 ki te 2020. E matapaetia ana ka eke te whakamahinga o ngā hiko karāpiti ki te 0.94 miriona tana i te tau 2025. Kei raro nei te matapae taipitopito a te tari mō te hanga me te whakamahinga o ngā hiko karāpiti.
He rite tonu te putanga o te hiko karāpiti ki te putanga o te maitai EAF. Mā te tipu o te putanga maitai EAF ka akiaki i te hiahia mō te hiko karāpiti ā muri ake nei. E ai ki te World Iron and Steel Association me te China Carbon Industry Association, i whakaputa a Haina i te 127.4 miriona tana o te maitai eaf me te 742,100 tana o ngā hiko karāpiti i te tau 2019. He hononga tata te putanga me te tere tipu o te hiko karāpiti i Haina ki te putanga me te tere tipu o te maitai eAF i Haina.
I te tau 2019 me te tau 2020, ko te katoa o te hiahia o te ao mō te maitai eAF me te maitai kore-EAF he 1.376,800 tana me te 1.472,300 tana. E matapaetia ana e Warburg Securities ka piki ake te katoa o te hiahia o te ao i roto i ngā tau e rima e whai ake nei, ā, ka eke ki te 2.104,400 tana i te tau 2025. Ko te nuinga o te hiahia mō te maitai oumu hiko, e matapaetia ana ka eke ki te 1,809,500 tana i te tau 2025.
Ki te whakatauritea ki te hanga maitai oumu pupuhi, he mārama ngā painga o te hanga maitai oumu hiko i roto i ngā tukunga waro. Ki te whakatauritea ki te hanga maitai rino, ka taea e te hanga maitai me te 1 tana o te maitai para te whakaiti i te 1.6 tana o ngā tukunga hauhā waro me te 3 tana o ngā tukunga para totoka. E ai ki ngā rangahau a ngā kaihokohoko, ko te ōwehenga o te oumu hiko me te maitai oumu pupuhi mō ia tana o ngā tukunga waro he taumata 0.5:1.9. I kī ngā kairangahau kaihokohoko, "ko te whanaketanga o te maitai oumu hiko me waiho hei ia whānui."
I te marama o Mei, i tukuna e te Manatū Ahumahi me te Hangarau Mōhiohio te Pānui mō ngā Mahi Whakatinanatanga o te Whakakapinga Kaha i roto i te Ahumahi Rino me te Rino, i whakatinanahia mana i te 1 o Hune. Mā ngā mahi whakatinanatanga mō te whakakapinga kaha ka nui ake te ōwehenga o te whakakapinga maitai, ka whānui ake hoki ngā wāhi matua mō te aukati me te whakahaere i te parahanga hau. E whakapono ana ngā umanga mā te tikanga whakakapinga kaha hou ka whakaiti ake i te kaha o te maitai, ka whakakotahi i te umanga maitai kia whakatau i te kaha nui. I taua wā anō, mā te whakatinanatanga o te tikanga whakakapinga kua whakahoutia ka tere ake te whanaketanga o te eAF, ā, ka piki haere tonu te ōwehenga o te maitai eAF.
Ko te hiko graphite te rauemi matua o te oumu hiko, e whakaohohia ana e te hiahia o te oumu hiko, e tika ana kia piki ake te hiahia, ā, e pāngia ana te hiko graphite e tōna utu.
Ngā piki me ngā heke o te utu: ngā āhuatanga huringa
Mai i te tau 2014 ki te tau 2016, i heke te mākete hiko karāpeti o te ao nā te ngoikore o te tono i raro iho, ā, i noho iti tonu ngā utu hiko karāpeti. I te tau 2016, i te mea kua heke te kaha raina o ngā kaihanga hiko karāpeti i raro i te utu hanga, kua iti te rarangi taonga pāpori, ā, i te tau 2017, i mutu te kaupapa here a DeTiaoGang i te mutunga o te oumu auau waenga, he nui te rino para ki te oumu maitai, i piki ake te tono i te umanga hiko karāpeti i Haina i te haurua tuarua o te tau 2017, nā te pikinga o te tono mō te ngira hiko karāpeti i runga i ngā rauemi mata, i piki ake ngā utu i te tau 2017. I te tau 2019, i eke ki te $3,769.9 ia tana, he pikinga 5.7 ngā wā mai i te tau 2016.
Wā tuku: Oketopa-15-2021