1. NGĀ RAUEMI MATA
Kōka (tata ki te 75-80% te ihirangi)
Kōka hinu
Ko te kōke hinu te rauemi mata tino nui, ā, he whānuitia ngā hanganga e hangaia ana, mai i te kōke ngira tino kore-ira ki te kōke wai tata kore-ira. Nā tōna hanganga, he mea nui te kōke ngira tino kore-ira mō te hanga i ngā irahiko mahi-teitei e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā oumu pewa hiko, e hiahiatia ana he taumata teitei o te kaha kawe kawenga hiko, miihini me te wera. Ko te kōke hinu te nuinga o te wā ka puta mai i te tukanga kōke whakaroa, he tukanga whakapūmau waro puhoi ngawari o ngā toenga hinu mata.
Ko te "needle coke" te kupu e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō tētahi momo coke motuhake he tino kaha te kaha ki te whakapūkara, e hua mai ana i te aronga whakarara pai o tōna hanganga paparanga turbostratic me tētahi āhua ā-tinana motuhake o ngā kakano.
Ngā mea here (tata ki te 20-25% te ihirangi)
Papa tāra waro
Ka whakamahia ngā mea here hei whakakotahi i ngā matūriki totoka tetahi ki tetahi. Nā te kaha ki te whakamakuku, ka huri te ranunga hei āhua kirihou mō te whakapūtanga, te whakaputa rānei i muri mai.
He matū waro te uku tāra waro, ā, he hanganga kakara motuhake tōna. Nā te nui o ngā mowhiti benzene kua whakakapia, kua whakakōpiritia hoki, kua rite kē tōna hanganga whatu hexagonal o te karāpeti, ā, nā reira ka āwhina i te hanganga o ngā rohe karāpeti kua whakaritea pai i te wā o te whakakārāpeti. Ko te uku te mea tino pai hei here. Koinei te toenga whakatō o te tāra waro.
2. TE WHAKARANU ME TE WHAKAPUTANGA
Ka konatunatua te kōka kua mira ki te papa tāra waro me ētahi tāpiringa hei hanga i tētahi whakapiri ōrite. Ka kawea mai tēnei ki roto i te rango whakaputa. I te taahiraa tuatahi me tango te hau mā te pēhi i mua. Kātahi ka whai ake te taahiraa whakaputa tuturu, ko te wā ka whakaputahia te ranunga hei hanga i tētahi hiko o te diameter me te roa e hiahiatia ana. Hei whakahohe i te whakaranu, me te tukanga whakaputa rawa (tirohia te pikitia i te taha matau) me matotoru te ranunga. Ka tutuki tēnei mā te pupuri i te pāmahana teitei o te 120°C (i runga i te papa) i te wā katoa o te tukanga whakaputa matomato. Ko tēnei āhua taketake me te āhua porotaka e mōhiotia ana ko te "hiko matomato".
3. TE TUNU
E rua ngā momo oumu tunu e whakamahia ana:
I konei ka whakanohoia ngā tokotoko kua puta ki roto i ngā ipu maitai kore waikura porotaka (saggers). Hei karo i te rerekētanga o ngā irahiko i te wā e whakamahanahia ana, ka whakakīia hoki ngā saggers ki te uhi onepū tiaki. Ka utaina ngā saggers ki runga i ngā papa tereina (ngā papa o te waka) ka hurihia ki roto i ngā oumu hau māori.
Ouma mowhiti
I konei ka whakanohoia ngā irahiko ki roto i tētahi kōhao kōhatu huna i raro i te whare whakaputa. Ko tēnei kōhao he wāhanga o tētahi pūnaha mowhiti neke atu i te 10 ngā rūma. Ka honoa ngā rūma ki tētahi pūnaha tohanga hau wera hei penapena pūngao. Ka whakakīia hoki ngā āputa i waenganui i ngā irahiko ki te onepu hei karo i te hurihanga. I te wā e tunua ana, ina whakakāhia te pitch ki te waro, me āta whakahaere te pāmahana nā te mea i ngā pāmahana tae atu ki te 800°C ka taea e te hanga tere o te hau te pakaru o te irahiko.
I tēnei wāhanga, ko te mātotoru o ngā irahiko he 1.55 – 1.60 kg/dm3.
4. TE WHAKAPĀNGIA
Ka whakakīia ngā irahiko kua tunua ki tētahi paparanga motuhake (paparanga wai i te 200°C) kia nui ake ai te mātotoru, te kaha ā-pūkaha, me te kawe hiko e hiahiatia ana hei tu atu i ngā āhuatanga mahi kino i roto i ngā oumu.
5. TE TUNU ANŌ
Me whai anō i tētahi huringa tunu tuarua, arā, te "tunu anō", hei whakapūmau i te wai whakapūmau ki te waro, hei peia atu hoki ngā mea whakakorikori e toe ana. Tata ki te 750°C te pāmahana tunu anō. I tēnei wāhanga ka taea e ngā irahiko te eke ki te mātotorutanga tata ki te 1.67 – 1.74 kg/dm3.
6. TE WHAKAKĀHORERO
Te Ōumu o Ākesona
Ko te taahiraa whakamutunga i roto i te hanga karāpiti ko te hurihanga o te waro tunua ki te karāpiti, e kiia nei ko te whakakārāpiti. I roto i te tukanga whakakārāpiti, ka hurihia te waro kua whakaritea i mua (waro turbostratic) hei hanganga karāpiti kua whakaritea kia toru-ahu.
Ka tākaihia ngā irahiko ki roto i ngā oumu hiko e karapotia ana e ngā matūriki waro hei hanga i tētahi papatipu totoka. Ka tukuna he iahiko hiko mā roto i te oumu, ka piki ake te pāmahana ki te 3000°C pea. Ko te tikanga ka tutukihia tēnei tukanga mā te whakamahi i te ŌUMU ACHESON, i te ŌUMU ROA rānei (LWG).
Mā te oumu Acheson ka whakakāwhatia ngā irahiko ki te kāwhata mā te whakamahi i te tukanga puranga, i te oumu LWG ia ka whakakāwhatia te pou katoa i te wā kotahi.
7. TE MĪHINI
Ka mīhinihia ngā irahiko karāpiti (whai muri i te whakamatao) ki ngā ine me ngā ātete tika. Tērā pea ka uru atu ki tēnei wāhanga te mīhini me te whakauru i ngā pito (ngā pūtake) o ngā irahiko ki tētahi pūnaha hononga pine karāpiti miro (nipple).
Wā tuku: Paenga-whāwhā-08-2021