I te tere o te whanaketanga o ngā waka hiko hou puta noa i te ao, kua tino piki ake te hiahia o te mākete mō ngā rauemi anode pākahiko lithium. E ai ki ngā tatauranga, i te tau 2021, kei te whakamahere ngā umanga anode pākahiko lithium e waru o te umanga ki te whakawhānui i tā rātou kaha whakaputa ki te tata ki te kotahi miriona tana. Ko te whakakāwhata te mea nui rawa atu ki te taupū me te utu o ngā rauemi anode. He maha ngā momo taputapu whakakāwhata i Haina, he nui te whakapaunga pūngao, he nui te parahanga me te iti o te aunoatanga, e whakawhāiti ana i te whanaketanga o ngā rauemi anode graphite ki tētahi taumata. Koinei te raru matua me whakatau wawe i roto i te tukanga whakaputa rauemi anode.
1. Te āhua o nāianei me te whakataurite i te oumu whakakāwhata kino
1.1 Ouma whakakāwhata kino Atchison
I roto i te momo oumu whakarerekētia i runga i te oumu whakakāwhata hiko tuku iho a Aitcheson, ka utaina te oumu taketake ki te oko whakakāwhata hei kawe i te rauemi hiko kino (ka utaina te oko ki te rauemi mata hiko kino kua whakakāwhatahia), ka whakakīia te matua oumu ki te rauemi ātete wera, ka whakakīia te paparanga o waho ki te rauemi whakamātao me te whakamātao pakitara oumu. I muri i te whakakāwhata hiko, ka puta he pāmahana teitei o te 2800 ~ 3000℃ mā te whakamahana i te rauemi ātete, ā, ka whakamahana ā-korekoretia te rauemi kino i roto i te oko kia tutuki ai te waituhi kōhatu pāmahana teitei o te rauemi kino.
1.2. Omu whakakāwhata raupapa wera ā-roto
Ko te tauira oumu he tohutoro ki te oumu whakakāwhata raupapa e whakamahia ana mō te hanga i ngā irahiko kāwhata, ā, he maha ngā ipu hiko (kua utaina ki te rauemi hiko kino) kua honoa raupapatia ki te taha roa. He kawe, he tinana whakamahana hoki te ipu hiko, ā, ka haere te iahiko mā roto i te ipu hiko hei whakaputa i te pāmahana teitei me te whakamahana tika i te rauemi hiko kino o roto. Kāore te tukanga whakakāwhata e whakamahi i te rauemi ātete, e whakangawari ana i te mahi o te uta me te tunu, me te whakaiti i te ngaronga rokiroki wera o te rauemi ātete, e penapena ana i te whakapaunga hiko.
1.3 Ouma whakakāwhata momo pouaka whatunga
Kei te piki haere te tono Nama 1 i ngā tau tata nei, ko te mea matua ko te ako i te oumu whakairoiro raupapa acheson me ngā āhuatanga hangarau honohono o te oumu whakairoiro, te matua oumu o te whakamahi i ngā wahi maha o te hanganga pouaka rauemi whatu pereti anode, te rauemi ki roto i te katote i roto i te rauemi mata, mā te hononga kōhao katoa i waenga i te pou pereti anode ka whakapumautia, ia ipu, te whakamahi i te hiri pereti anode me te rauemi kotahi. Ko te pou me te hanganga pouaka rauemi o te pereti anode e hanga tahi ana i te tinana whakamahana. Ka rere te hiko mā roto i te irahiko o te pane oumu ki roto i te tinana whakamahana o te matua oumu, ā, ko te pāmahana teitei i hangaia ka whakamahana tika i te rauemi anode i roto i te pouaka hei whakatutuki i te kaupapa o te whakairoiro.
1.4 Whakataurite i ngā momo oumu whakakāwhata e toru
Ko te oumu whakakāwhata raupapa wera ā-roto he whakamahana tika i te rauemi mā te whakamahana i te irahiko kāwhata tuwhera. Ko te "wera joule" e puta mai ana i te iahiko i roto i te ipu hiko e whakamahia ana hei whakamahana i te rauemi me te ipu. He tere te tere whakamahana, he ōrite te tohatoha pāmahana, ā, he teitei ake te pai o te wera i te oumu Atchison tuku iho me te whakamahana rauemi ātete. Ko te oumu whakakāwhata pouaka-matapihi e whakamahi ana i ngā painga o te oumu whakakāwhata raupapa wera ā-roto, ā, e whakamahi ana i te pereti anode kua tunua mua me te utu iti ake hei tinana whakamahana. Ki te whakatauritea ki te oumu whakakāwhata raupapa, he nui ake te kaha uta o te oumu whakakāwhata pouaka-matapihi, ā, ka whakaitihia te whakapaunga hiko mō ia wae hua.
2. Te ahunga whanaketanga o te oumu whakakāwhata kino
2. 1 Whakapai ake i te hanganga o te pakitara taha
I tēnei wā, ko te paparanga whakamahana o ētahi oumu whakakāwhata he mea whakakī ki te waro pango me te hinu kōka. I te wā e whakaputa ana i te wera wera nui, ka wera tēnei wāhanga o te rauemi whakamahana, ā, i ia wā ka utaina, me whakakapi, me tāpiri rānei ki tētahi rauemi whakamahana motuhake, ā, ka whakakapia ki tētahi taiao rawakore, ki tētahi tukanga mahi nui.
Ka taea te whakaaro ki te whakamahi i te sima kaha-teitei motuhake me te pāmahana-teitei o te pakitara pereki, hei whakarei ake i te kaha whānui, hei whakarite kia pumau te pakitara i roto i te huringa mahi katoa i roto i te huringa mahi, hei hiri i te hononga pereki i te wa ano, hei ārai i te hau nui e puta mai ana i roto i ngā kapiti pakitara pereki me te āputa hononga ki roto i te oumu, hei whakaiti i te ngaronga o te wera waikura o ngā rauemi whakamahana me ngā rauemi anode;
Ko te tuarua ko te tāuta i te paparanga whakamātao pūkoro whānui e iri ana i waho o te pakitara oumu, pērā i te whakamahi i te papa muka kaha-teitei, te papa konupūmā silicate rānei, he mahi hiri me te whakamātao whai hua te wāhanga whakamahana, he watea te tango i te wāhanga makariri mō te whakamatao tere; Tuatoru, kei raro i te oumu me te pakitara oumu te hongere hauhautanga. Ka tangohia e te hongere hauhautanga te hanganga pereki whatu kua oti te hanga me te waha wahine o te whitiki, me te tautoko i te pereki sima pāmahana-teitei, me te whakaaro ki te whakamatao hauhautanga kaha i te wāhanga makariri.
2. 2 Arotauhia te pihi tuku hiko mā te whakatauira tau
I tēnei wā, ko te pihi tuku hiko o te oumu whakakāwhata hiko kino e hangaia ana i runga i te wheako, ā, ka whakatikatikahia ā-ringa te tukanga whakakāwhata i ngā wā katoa e ai ki te pāmahana me te āhua o te oumu, ā, kāore he paerewa kotahi. Mā te arotau i te pihi whakamahana ka taea te whakaiti i te taupū whakapau hiko me te whakarite i te mahi haumaru o te oumu. ME WHAKATŪTURIA TE TAUIRA TAU O TE WHAKATAURANGA NGĀ NGĀ NGĀRANGI mā roto i ngā tikanga pūtaiao e ai ki ngā tikanga rohe me ngā tawhā ā-tinana, ā, me tātarihia te whanaungatanga i waenga i te iahiko, te ngaohiko, te mana katoa me te tohatoha pāmahana o te wāhanga whakawhiti i roto i te tukanga whakakāwhata, kia taea ai te hanga i te pihi whakamahana tika me te whakatikatika tonu i roto i te mahi tuturu. Pērā i te wāhanga tōmua o te tuku hiko ko te whakamahi i te tuku hiko teitei, kātahi ka whakaitihia te hiko, kātahi ka piki haere mārire, ka whakaitihia te hiko, kātahi ka whakaitihia te hiko tae noa ki te mutunga o te hiko.
2. 3 Whakaroa ake i te roanga o te mahi a te para me te tinana whakamahana
Haunga te whakapaunga hiko, ko te roa o te wā o te ipu me te whakamahana ka whakatau tika i te utu o te whakakāwhata kino. Mō te ipu kāwhata me te tinana whakamahana kāwhata, ko te pūnaha whakahaere whakaputa o te utaina, te whakahaere tika i te tere whakamahana me te whakamatao, te raina whakaputa ipu aunoa, te whakapakari i te hiri hei ārai i te waikura me ētahi atu mahi hei whakanui ake i te wā hangarua o te ipu, hei whakaiti i te utu o te mangumangu kāwhata. Haunga ngā mahi o runga ake nei, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te pereti whakamahana o te oumu whakakāwhata pouaka mata hei rauemi whakamahana o te anode kua tunua, te hikohiko, te rauemi waro pumau rānei me te ātete teitei hei penapena i te utu whakakāwhata.
2.4 Te whakahaere i te hau para me te whakamahinga o te wera para
Ko te hau paipa e puta mai ana i te wā o te whakakāwhata i ahu mai i ngā mea whakakorikori me ngā hua tahunga o ngā rauemi anode, te tahunga waro mata, te turuturu o te hau me ērā atu mea. I te tīmatanga o te oumu, he nui ngā mea whakakorikori me te puehu e puta mai ana, he rawakore te taiao o te awheawhe, kāore he tikanga maimoatanga whai hua a te nuinga o ngā umanga, koinei te raruraru nui e pā ana ki te hauora me te haumaru mahi o ngā kaiwhakahaere i roto i te hanga hiko kino. Me whakapau kaha ake ki te whakaaroaro whānui i te kohikohi me te whakahaere whai hua o te hau paipa me te puehu i roto i te awheawhe, me te mahi i ngā tikanga hauhautanga tika hei whakaiti i te pāmahana o te awheawhe me te whakapai ake i te taiao mahi o te awheawhe whakakāwhata.
I muri i te kohikohinga o te hau paipa mā te paipa ki roto i te ruma mura, ka tangohia te nuinga o te uku me te puehu i roto i te hau paipa, e tumanakohia ana kia neke ake te pāmahana o te hau paipa i roto i te ruma mura ki te 800℃, ā, ka taea te whakahoki mai i te wera para o te hau paipa mā te kohua mamaoa wera para, mā te whakawhiti wera anga rānei. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te hangarau tahunga RTO e whakamahia ana i roto i te maimoatanga paowa waro hei tohutoro, ā, ka whakamahanahia te hau paipa ki te 850 ~ 900℃. Mā te tahunga rokiroki wera, ka waikurahia te paipa me ngā wāhanga pūngāwerewere me ētahi atu hauwaiwaro kakara polycyclic i roto i te hau paipa, ā, ka mutu ka pirau hei CO2 me te H2O, ā, ka eke te whai huatanga o te purenga ki runga ake i te 99%. He pumau te mahi a te pūnaha, ā, he tere mahi teitei.
2. 5 Ouma whakakāwhata kino poutū tonu
Ko ngā momo oumu whakakāwhata kua whakahuatia ake nei te hanganga oumu matua o te hanga rauemi anode i Haina, ko te mea noa ko te hanga wā-poto, he iti te pai o te wera, ko te utaina te nuinga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te mahi ā-ringa, kāore i te teitei te taumata o te aunoatanga. Ka taea te whakawhanake i tētahi oumu whakakāwhata poutū tonu me te kino mā te titiro ki te tauira oumu whakakāwhata kōka hinu me te oumu pou whakakāwhata bauxite. Ka whakamahia te ARC ātete hei pūtake wera pāmahana teitei, ka tukuna tonutia te rauemi e tōna ake kaha, ā, ka whakamahia te hanganga whakamatao wai, te whakamatao hau rānei tikanga hei whakamatao i te rauemi pāmahana teitei i te rohe putanga, ā, ka whakamahia te pūnaha kawe hau paura hei tuku me te whāngai i te rauemi ki waho o te oumu. Ka taea e te momo UMUKU te whakatutuki i te whakaputanga tonu, ka taea te wareware i te ngaronga rokiroki wera o te tinana oumu, nō reira ka tino pai ake te pai o te wera, ka kitea ngā painga o te putanga me te whakapaunga pūngao, ā, ka taea te whakatutuki katoa i te mahi aunoa. Ko ngā raruraru matua hei whakaoti ko te rere o te paura, te ōritetanga o te nekehanga whakakāwhata, te haumaru, te aroturukitanga me te whakamatao i te pāmahana, me ētahi atu. E whakaponohia ana mā te angitu o te whanaketanga o te oumu hei whakanui i te whakaputanga ahumahi, ka tīmata he hurihanga i roto i te mara o te whakakāwhata irahiko kino.
3 te reo pona
Ko te tukanga matū graphite te raruraru nui rawa atu e pāngia ana e ngā kaihanga rauemi anode pākahiko lithium. Ko te take matua he raruraru tonu kei roto i te whakamahinga hiko, te utu, te tiaki taiao, te taumata aunoatanga, te haumaru me ētahi atu āhuatanga o te oumu graphitization ā-wā e whakamahia whānuitia ana. Ko te ia o te umanga ā muri ake nei ko te whanaketanga o te hanganga oumu whakaputa tonu me te whakahaere tukunga aunoa, me te tautoko i ngā whare tukanga āwhina pakari me te pono. I taua wā, ka tino pai ake ngā raruraru graphitization e pāngia ana e ngā umanga, ā, ka uru te umanga ki tētahi wā whanaketanga pumau, ka whakatairanga i te whanaketanga tere o ngā umanga hou e pā ana ki te pūngao.
Wā tuku: 19 o Ākuhata 2022