Ka whakamahia e tēnei paetukutuku ngā pihikete hei whakarite kia whiwhi koe i te wheako pai rawa atu i a koe e tirotiro ana. Mā te pāwhiri i te "Tikina" e tohu ana kei te whakaae koe ki ēnei tikanga.
Kei te tūhura ngā kaipūtaiao me pēhea te whakamahi i te asbestos i roto i ngā para maina hei penapena i te nui o te hauhā waro ki te rangi hei āwhina i te whakatau i te raruraru āhuarangi.
He kohuke taiao te asbestos i whakamahia whānuitia i mua hei ārai wera me te ārai mura i roto i ngā whare. E mōhiotia whānuitia ana ēnei whakamahinga mō ō rātou āhuatanga whakaputa mate pukupuku, engari kua whakamahia i roto i ētahi paraikete waka me ngā taera tuanui me ngā tuanui i roto i te umanga chlorine. Ahakoa e 67 ngā whenua e aukati ana i te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi muka i tēnei wā, ehara te Hononga o Amerika i tētahi o aua whenua.
Ināianei, kei te arotahi ngā kairangahau ki ētahi momo asbestos muka, arā, he para mai i te keri maina. E ai ki a Eos, ko te kounga tino teitei e whakararu ana i te asbestos mō te manawa, he mea hoki e pai ai te hopu i ngā matūriki hauhā waro e rere ana i te rangi, e rewa ana rānei i te ua. E whakaatu ana te pūrongo ko te horahanga nui o te mata o ngā muka ka "tino tauhohe, ā, he ngāwari ki te huri" hei warowaihā kore kino ina konatunatua ki te hauhā waro. Ka puta noa tēnei tukanga ina pāngia te asbestos e ngā hau kati kōtuhi.
E ai ki te MIT Technology Review, ka taea e ēnei rauemi pumau te pupuri i ngā hau kati kōtuhi mō ngā miriona tau, ā, kua kitea he huarahi whai hua hei mimiti i te nui o te hauhā waro mai i te āhuarangi. Ko te tumanako a ngā kaipūtaiao kia whakakorea ngā tukunga waro "nui" mai i ngā mahi keri i te tuatahi, kātahi ka whakawhānui ake i ngā mahi hei whakaiti i ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi.
I kōrero a Gregory Dipple, te kairangahau matua i te mara, ki te MIT Technology Review: "I roto i te tekau tau e whai ake nei, mā te tango waro i ngā maina ka āwhina i a tātou ki te hanga whakapono me te tohungatanga hei whakaiti i ngā tukunga. Ā, ka mahia te maina tūturu."
E ai ki te kaiwhakataki o te Kottke Ride Home Podcast, a Jackson Bird (Jackson Bird), i kōrero ia ina uru ēnei matū ki te moana mā te rerenga wai, ka puta hoki te whakapūtanga o ngā kohuke. Ka whakamahia e ngā rauropi moana ēnei katote hei hanga i ō rātou anga me ō rātou wheua hei kōhatu me ētahi atu mea hei hopu. He toka waro.
He huarahi nui te penapena waro hei whakaiti i te nui o te hauhā waro i te āhuarangi. Ki te kore tēnei, kāore pea e taea e tātou te whakatutuki i ā tātou "whāinga waro" me te karo i ngā hua kino rawa atu o te raruraru āhuarangi.
Kei te tūhuratia hoki e ngā kaipūtaiao te whakamahi i ngā para mai i ētahi atu ahumahi keri pērā i te nikara, te parahi, te taimana me te konukawata hei hopu i te waro. E ai ki tā rātou whakatau tata, tera pea he nui ngā rauemi hei aukati i te hauhā waro katoa kua tukuna e te tangata, me te nui atu anō hoki, e ai ki te pūrongo a Bird.
Ināianei, ko te nuinga o ngā matū ka mau ki roto i ngā toka totoka kāore anō kia pā ki te hau, ā, mā ēnei ka tīmata aua tauhohenga matū. Koia te take e ngana ana ngā kaipūtaiao e ako ana i te tango waro ki te rapu huarahi hei whakanui ake i te pānga me te tere ake i tēnei urupare puhoi kia huri ai ngā para maina hei whakatairanga kaha mō te ātete ki te raruraru āhuarangi.
E whakaatu ana te pūrongo a te MIT i te maha o ngā wawaotanga i whakamatautauria mā te keri i ngā rauemi, te huri kia angiangi ake, kātahi ka horahia kia angiangi, kātahi ka horahia mā te hau hei whakanui ake i te horahanga o te mata tauhohenga o te rauemi hauhā waro. Ko ētahi me whakamahana, me tāpiri waikawa rānei ki te matū. E ai ki a Eos, ko ētahi ka whakamahi i ngā whāriki huakita hei tīmata i ngā tauhohenga matū.
"Kei te rapu mātou i tētahi huarahi hei tere ake i tēnei tukanga, hei huri i te puranga para asbestos hei putunga warowaihā tino kore kino," te kī a Jenine McCutcheon, he tohunga whenua-itirokiora, e whakapau kaha ana ki te huri i ngā toenga asbestos kua whakarērea hei warowaihā konupora kore kino. Ka whakamahia e ngā kaiwhakangungu tinana me ngā kaipiki toka te rauemi paura mā hei whakapai ake i te mau.
I kōrero a Roger Aines, te kaiwhakahaere o te Kaupapa Waro i Lawrence Livermore National Lab, ki te MIT Technology Review: "He Huarahi nui tēnei, kāore anō kia whakawhanakehia, ka taea te whakakore i te nui o te hauhā waro."
E kī ana te pūrongo kei te āwangawanga ngā kaitautoko o te rautaki hou mō ngā utu me ngā here whenua. Ki te whakatauritea ki ētahi atu tikanga whakaiti pēnei i te whakato rākau, he nui te utu mō tēnei tukanga. Tērā pea ka hiahiatia he whenua nui hei hora i ngā rauemi hou kua keria kia nui ai te whakaiti i ngā tukunga waro, ā, ka uaua ai te whakanui ake.
I kī atu anō a Bird, tera pea ka nui te pūngao e pau ana i te tukanga katoa, ā, ki te kore e paunatia marietia, tera pea ka whakaiti i ngā painga o te hopu waro e ngana ana ki te waihanga.
Hei whakamutunga, he maha ngā āwangawanga e pā ana ki te paitini o ēnei rauemi me te haumaru o te whakahaere i aua mea. I tohu te MIT Technology Review ko te horapa o te puehu asbestos ki runga i te whenua, me/ranei te horapa hei puehu hei whakanui ake i te rere o te hau, kua puta he tūponotanga haumaru mō ngā kaimahi me ngā kainoho tata.
I whakatau a Bird ahakoa tēnei, tera pea he "kōwhiringa whai hua te kaupapa hou mō te tāpiri i ngā otinga maha atu, nā te mea e mōhio ana tātou katoa kāore he rongoā mō te raruraru āhuarangi."
He mano tini ngā hua kei reira. He tokomaha te hunga e mahi ana i te mea kotahi tonu, tata rite tonu rānei, engari he iti noa ngā rerekētanga. Engari kei roto i ētahi hua ngā matū paitini ka pā kino ki a tātou, ki ā tātou tamariki rānei. Ahakoa te mahi māmā noa o te whiriwhiri i te paraihe niho ka pāngia tātou e te manukanuka!
Ka kitea ētahi pānga o te huarere kino - hei tauira, ko te haurua o te kānga papatahi i Iowa i mahue i muri i te pānga kino o te Midwestern United States i te 10 o Ākuhata.
E 32 ngā kawanatanga o te Hononga o Amerika me ngā kawanatanga e rua o Kanata e horapa ana te awa o Mississippi, ā, neke atu i te 1.245 miriona maero tapawha te rahi. Shannon1/Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0
E whakaatu ana ngā hua ine o te mita rere he tino rerekē te nui o te hauota waikore (DIN) mai i te kawanatanga o Mississippi ki te Moana-a-Kiwa o Mexico i ia tau. Ka nui ake te nui o te hauota i te ua nui. I tangohia mai i a Lu et al., 2020, CC BY-ND
Mai i te tau 1958 ki te tau 2012, i roto i ngā huihuinga tino kino (e kiia ana ko te 1% tino taumaha o ngā huihuinga katoa o ia rā), ka piki ake te ōrau o te hekenga o te ua. Globalchange.gov
Tērā pea ka tukinga te hukapapa nui rawa atu o te ao ki South Georgia, ka waiho hei mōrearea nui ki ngā kararehe mohoao e noho ana i reira.
I roto i ngā huarahi maha, ko te kōrero o Texas o te rautau kua hipa ko te piripono pono o te kawanatanga ki te mātāpono ko te tangata te rangatira o te taiao.
Mai i te parahanga o te hau e puta mai ana i ngā motuka me ngā taraka ki ngā turuturu o te methane, he maha ngā tukunga e puta ai te huringa āhuarangi e pā kino ana ki te hauora o te marea.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi-05-2020