1. Wāhanga whakamahana pāmahana-iti (pāmahana rūma ki te 350℃)
Ina tae te pāmahana whakamahana tuturu o te tinana matomato ki te 100 ki te 230 nekehanga Celsius, ka tīmata te tinana matomato ki te whakangawari, ka whakangāwari te ahotea o roto, ka paku whānui te rōrahi, engari kāore e nui te matū pūngāwerewere e tukuna ana, ā, kei te wāhanga kirihou te tinana matomato. I tēnei wāhanga, ko te mahi matua ko te whakamahana i te papa waro. Nā te rerekētanga o te pāmahana me te pēhanga i roto i te papa matomato, ka heke, ka horapa, ka rere ētahi o ngā wāhanga māmā o te uku. I te piki haere tonu o te pāmahana ki te 230-400℃, ka tere haere te tere pirau o te uku. Ina koa i roto i te awhe pāmahana o te 350-400℃, ka pakaru kino te uku, ā, ka tukuna he nui o te matū pūngāwerewere. I tēnei wāhanga, me whakahaere te tere whakamahana kia kore ai e piki ohorere te pāmahana e puta ai te kukū ahotea o roto, ā, i te wā kotahi, kia kore ai e tere te tukunga o te matū pūngāwerewere ka pakaru pea te papa waro.
2. Wāhanga tunu pāmahana-waenga (350℃ ki te 800℃)
Ina piki te pāmahana whakamahana tuturu o te tinana matomato ki te 400-550℃, ka puhoi te tere pirau me te whakapūpū o te uku, ka uru ki te wāhanga e whakahaerehia ana e te tauhohenga polycondensation. I ngā pāmahana teitei, ka pāngia te uku e te pirau wera me te polycondensation hei hanga i te haurua-coke. I tēnei wā, ka heke te nui o te mea pūngāwerewere e tukuna ana, ā, ka huri te rōrahi o te tinana matomato mai i te whakawhānui ki te whakaheke. Ina tae te pāmahana whakamahana tuturu o te tinana matomato ki te 500 ki te 700℃, ka huri te haurua-coke i hangaia e te uku hei coke here (coke uku), ka heke te mea pūngāwerewere i tukuna e te pirau o te uku, ā, ka haere tonu te whakaiti i te tinana matomato waro. I tēnei wā, kua huri te here uku hei coke here, ā, kua piki ake te kawe wera o te tinana matomato waro. He wāhanga nui tēnei e pā ana ki te kounga o te tunu. He maha ngā tauhohenga pirau uaua, polymerization, cyclization me te aromatization e pāngia ana e te here. Ka puta te pirau o te here me te polymerization anō o ngā hua pirau i te wā kotahi, ka hanga he wāhanga waenga. Mā te tipu o te wāhanga waenga ka puta ngā matū whakapūmau. I te 400℃, ka tīmata te hua ki te kōkō, engari he iti tonu te kaha, ā, ka heke te piri o te uku. I te 500℃ pea, ahakoa he iti tonu te nui o te matū pūngāwerewere, kua oti kē te hanganga taketake o te waro te hanga. Ka hangaia te haurua-kōkō i te 500 ki te 550℃, ā, ko ngā matū pūngāwerewere i puta mai i te pirau wera o te uku ka tukuna i mua i te 600 ki te 650℃. Ka hangaia te kōkō i te 700 ki te 750℃. Hei whakanui ake i te tere kōkō o te uku me te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū o ngā hua, me whakanui ake te pāmahana kia ōrite, kia āta haere i tēnei wāhanga. Hei tāpiri, i tēnei wāhanga, ka tukuna he nui o te matū pūngāwerewere, ka whakakī i te rūma oumu katoa. Ka pirau ēnei hau i runga i te mata o ngā hua wera, ka puta he waro totoka e putunga ana ki runga i ngā pūwero me te mata o ngā hua, ka whakanui ake i te hua kōkō me te hiri i ngā pūwero o ngā hua, ā, ka whakanui ake i tō rātou kaha. Ko te āhuatanga tino kitea o te tauhohenga i tēnei wāhanga ko te whakapūhui me te wetewete o ngā rōpū mahi me te piki haere mārire o te ihirangi hauwai i roto i te hau kua tukuna.
3. Wāhanga whakawera pāmahana-tiketike (800℃ ki te 1200~1350℃)
Ina eke te hua ki runga ake i te 700℃, kua oti te tukanga kōkō o te hononga. I te wā o te whakamahana pāmahana teitei, ka taea te whakanui ake i te tere whakamahana. Kia eke ki te pāmahana teitei, me pupuri te pāmahana mō te 15 ki te 20 hāora. I te wā o te kōkō, ka hangaia he ngota kakara papatahi nui. Ka pakaru ngā ngota rerekē me ngā rōpū ngota o ngā ngota papatahi, ā, ka tangohia atu. I te pikinga o te pāmahana, ka huri ngā ngota papatahi. I runga ake i te 900℃, ka pakaru haere ngā ngota hauwai i te taha, ā, ka tangohia atu. I taua wā anō, ka mimiti haere te kōkō hononga, ka mātotoru haere. I tēnei wā, ka ngoikore haere te tukanga matū, ka heke haere te whakahekenga o roto, o waho hoki, ā, ka piki haere te mātotoru tūturu, te kaha me te kawe hiko.
4. Wāhanga whakamatao
I te wā whakamatao, ka tere ake te tere whakamatao i te tere whakamahana. Heoi, nā te iti o te kawe wera o te hua, he iti iho te tere whakamatao i roto i te hua i tērā i runga i te mata, ā, ka puta he rerekētanga pāmahana me ngā rerekētanga ahotea wera o ngā rahi rerekē mai i waenganui ki te mata o te hua. Mena he nui rawa te ahotea wera, ka puta he whakahekenga ā-roto, ā-waho hoki kāore i te ōrite, ā, ka puta he pakaru. Nō reira, me whakahaere hoki te whakamatao i roto i te tikanga whakahaere. I te wā whakamatao, ka whakatinanahia te whakamatao piki. Kaua te tere whakamatao i ngā wāhi i runga ake i te 800℃ e neke ake i te 3℃/h hei karo i ngā pakaru i puta mai i te whakamatao tere. Me raro iho i te 80℃ te pāmahana e puta mai ai ngā hua i te oumu. Ina whakamahia he pūnaha whakamatao wai atomized, me pupuri tonu te pāmahana wai ki te 40℃±2℃ hei ārai i te kino o te ru wera.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-11-2025