1. Ngā mara tono anode pākahiko lithium:
I tēnei wā, ko ngā rauemi anode hokohoko ko te nuinga o te karāpeti māori me te karāpeti horihori. He ngāwari te whakakārāpeti i te kōka ngira, ā, he momo rauemi mata karāpeti horihori kounga teitei. I muri i te whakakārāpeti, he hanganga muka mārama, he hanganga pai te karāpeti moroiti. I te ahunga o te tuaka roa o ngā matūriki, he pai te kawe hiko me te wera me te iti o te tauwehenga whānui wera. Ka kuruhia te kōka ngira, ka whakarōpūhia, ka hangaia, ka whakakōpikopikohia, ka whakakārāpetihia kia whiwhi ai i te rauemi karāpeti horihori, he nui te tioata me te whakakārāpeti, ā, he tata ki te hanganga paparanga karāpeti tino pai.
Kua tere te whanaketanga o te umanga waka hiko hou i ngā tau tata nei. Mai i Hanuere ki Hepetema 2022, ko te putanga katoa o ngā pākahiko hiko i tōku whenua he 372GWh, he pikinga tau-ki-te-tau o te 176%. E matapaetia ana e te Rōpū Motuka o Haina ka eke te tapeke o ngā hokonga waka hiko ki te 5.5 miriona i te tau 2022, ā, ko te reiti urunga o ngā waka hiko puta noa i te tau ka neke atu i te 5.5 miriona. 20%. I runga i te awe o te "rārangi whero o te aukati i te tahunga" o te ao me te kaupapa here ā-rohe o "ngā whāinga waro rua", e matapaetia ana ka eke te tono o te ao mō ngā pākahiko lithium ki te 3,008GWh i te tau 2025, ā, ka eke te tono mō te ngira coke ki te 4.04 miriona tana.
2. Ngā mara tono hiko graphite:
He rauemi kounga teitei te ngira kōke mō te hanga i ngā irahiko karāhe mana teitei/tino teitei. He āhua pai te hanganga muka kua whanakehia, ā, he nui te ōwehenga roa-whānui o ngā matūriki. I te wā e hangaia ana te kōke, ka whakaritea te tuaka roa o te nuinga o ngā matūriki i te ahunga kōke. . Ko te whakamahinga o te kōke ngira hei hanga i ngā irahiko karāhe mana teitei/tino teitei he painga o te ātete iti, te tauwehenga whānui wera iti, te ātete kaha ki te ru wera, te iti o te whakamahinga irahiko me te kiato iahiko e whakaaetia ana. He āhuatanga motuhake tō ngā kōke ngira waro me te hinu i roto i te mahi. I roto i te whakatairite i te mahi a te ngira kōka, hei tāpiri atu ki te kiato tūturu, te kiato tap, te ātete paura, te ihirangi pungarehu, te ihirangi whanariki, te ihirangi hauota, Hei tāpiri atu ki te whakatairite i ngā tohu mahi tuku iho pēnei i te ōwehenga āhuatanga me te tohatoha rahi matūriki, me aro atu hoki ki te tauwehenga whānui wera, te ātete, te kaha pēhi, te kiato papatipu, te kiato tūturu, te whānui papatipu, te anisotropy, te āhua kore aukati me te Tātari me te aromatawai i ngā tohu āhuatanga pēnei i ngā raraunga whānui i roto i te āhua aukati, te awhe pāmahana i te wā whānui me te whakaheke, me ētahi atu. He mea tino nui ēnei tohu āhuatanga hei whakatika i ngā tawhā tukanga i roto i te tukanga whakaputa o ngā irahiko karāpeti me te whakahaere i te mahi a ngā irahiko karāpeti. I te nuinga o te wā, he paku teitei ake te mahi a te ngira kōka hinu-hangai i tērā o te ngira kōka waro-hangai.
He maha ngā wā ka whiriwhiria e ngā umanga waro o tāwāhi te kōka ngira hinu kounga teitei hei rauemi matua mō te hanga i ngā irahiko karāhe UHP me HP nui. Ka whakamahia hoki e ngā umanga waro o Hapani ētahi kōka ngira waro hei rauemi mata, engari mō te hanga i ngā irahiko karāhe anake me ngā whakatakotoranga kei raro iho i te Φ600mm. Ahakoa he muri ake te hanga ahumahi o te kōka ngira i tōku whenua i ērā o ngā kamupene o tāwāhi, kua tere te whanaketanga i ngā tau tata nei, ā, kua tīmata te āhua. I tēnei wā, ko ngā kohikohinga irahiko karāhe mana-teitei o tōku whenua he kōka ngira waro te nuinga. Mō te katoa o te hanga, ka taea e ngā wae hanga kōka ngira ā-rohe te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā umanga waro ki te hanga i ngā irahiko karāhe mana-teitei/tino-kaha mō te kōka ngira. Heoi, kei te noho tonu he āputaputa ki te whakataurite ki ngā kamupene o tāwāhi i roto i te kounga o te kōka ngira. Kei te whakawhirinaki tonu ngā rauemi mata o te irahiko karāhe mana-teitei nui ki te kōka ngira kawemai, inā koa ka kawemaihia ngā hononga irahiko karāhe mana-teitei/tino-kaha. Ko te kōka ngira hei rauemi mata.
I te tau 2021, ka eke te hanga maitai ā-motu ki te 1.037 piriona tana, ā, ko te hanga maitai oumu hiko he iti iho i te 10%. Kei te whakamahere tahi te Manatū Ahumahi me te Hangarau Mōhiohio ki te whakanui ake i te ōwehenga o te hanga maitai oumu hiko ki te neke atu i te 15% i te tau 2025. E matapaetia ana e te National Iron and Steel Association ka eke ki te 30% i te tau 2050. Ka eke ki te 60% i te tau 2060. Mā te whakanui ake i te ōwehenga hanga maitai o ngā oumu hiko ka akiaki tika i te hiahia mō ngā irahiko karāhe, me te hiahia hoki mō te ngira kōka.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 23-2022