I te tau 1955, i whakatūria mana te wheketere waro o Jilin, te umanga hiko karāpeti tuatahi o Haina, me te āwhina a ngā tohunga hangarau mai i te Uniana Sōviete o mua. I roto i te hītori whanaketanga o te hiko karāpeti, e rua ngā tohu Hainamana.
Ko te irahiko karāpiti, he rauemi karāpiti ātete pāmahana teitei, he tino pai ngā āhuatanga o te kawe iahiko me te whakaputa hiko, e whakamahia ana i te nuinga o te wā i roto i te hangamaitai
I te papamuri o te pikinga whānui o ngā taonga, kāore te hiko karāpeti o tēnei tau e noho mangere ana. Ko te utu toharite o te mākete hiko karāpeti matua he 21393 yuan/tana,piki ake i te 51%mai i te wā kotahi o te tau kua hipa. Nā tēnei, ko te tungāne matua o te hiko karāhe ā-rohe (neke atu i te 20%) — Fang Da carbon (600516) i ngā hauwhā tuatahi e toru o tēnei tau i eke ki te 3.57 piriona yuan te moni whiwhi whakahaere, he tipu tau-ki-te-tau o te 37%, ā, ko te hokinga mai ki te tipu hua kupenga whaea o te 118%. Nā tēnei whakatutukitanga whakamiharo i kukume mai i te neke atu i te 30 ngā umanga ki te rangahau i te wiki kua hipa, ā, i roto i ēnei he maha ngā umanga kohi moni nui a te iwi pērā i a Efonda me Harvest.
Ā, e mōhio ana ngā hoa e aro nui ana ki te umanga hiko, i raro i te ringa rino o te temepara, kua mutu te whakaputa me te kati o ngā umanga hiko, te nui o te whakamahinga pūngao me te parahanga nui. Me whai wāhi nui hoki ngā mira maitai ki te kawanatanga rino me te maitai o Hebei, he mea tino kitea. E ai ki te pono, he iti ake te hanga maitai, ka heke hoki te hiahia mō te hiko karāhe, me te whakaaro ki ngā waewae, me heke ngā utu hiko karāhe.
1. Ki te kore he irahiko karāpeti, kāore e mahi ngā oumu pewa hiko
Mō te māramatanga taipitopito atu ki ngā irahiko karāpeti, me whakatuwhera te mekameka ahumahi kia paku tirohia. Mai i te awa, te irahiko karāpeti ki te kōka hinu, te kōka ngira e rua ngā hua matū hei rauemi mata, mā roto i te 11 tukanga whakarite matatini,Mō te 1 tana o te hiko karāhe, e hiahiatia ana he 1.02 tana o ngā rauemi mata, ā, neke atu i te 50 ngā rā te roa o te huringa whakaputa, ā, neke atu i te 65% te utu o ngā rauemi.
E ai ki taku kōrero, ka arahina e ngā irahiko karāpiti te hiko. E ai ki te kiato iahiko e whakaaetia ana, ka taea te wehewehe anō i ngā irahiko karāpiti kia ruamana noa, mana teitei me te mana tino teiteingā irahiko karāhe. He rerekē ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me ngā āhuatanga matū o ngā momo irahiko.
I raro i te awa, ka whakamahia ngā irahiko karāpeti i roto i ngā oumu pewa, te silicon ahumahi mete whākōkī kōwhaite whakaputanga, ko te whakaputanga maitai te nuinga o te wā80%o te whakamahinga katoa o ngā irahiko karāhe, ko te utu o nāianei nā te umanga maitai te nuinga. I ngā tau tata nei, me te piki haere o te maha o ngā maitai EAF tino kaha me te utu pai ake, kei te whanake haere hoki ngā irahiko karāhe ki te kaha tino kaha, he pai ake te mahi i te mana noa. Ko wai te tohunga ki tehiko karāhe mana tino teiteihangarau, ko wai ka ārahi i te mākete ā muri ake nei. I tēnei wā, ko ngā kaihanga matua tekau o te ao o ngā hiko karāhe mana-tino teitei e 44.4% o te katoa o ngā putanga o ngā hiko karāhe mana-tino teitei o te ao. He kukū te mākete, ā, ko Hapani te whenua matua e ārahi ana.
Hei mārama ake ki ngā mea e whai ake nei, anei tētahi whakataki poto mō te huarahi hanga maitai. I te nuinga o te wā, ka wehea te whakarewa rino me te whakarewa maitai ki ngā momo:oumu pupuhimeoumu pewa hikoKo te mea tuatahi ko te rino, te kōka me ētahi atu whakarewa rino poaka, kātahi ka whakamahia he nui o te hāora hei hurihanga, hei tango i te rino rewa hei hanga maitai wai. Ko tētahi atu ka whakamahi i ngā āhuatanga hiko me te wera pai o ngā irahiko karāhe hei whakarewa i te maitai para, hei hanga hei maitai.
Nō reira, kāore e nui te hiahia mō te hiko karāhe mō te hanga maitai EAF, pērā i te PVDF mō te anode lithium (1 tana o te maitai e pau ana i te 1.2-2.5kg anake te hiko karāhe), engari kāore e taea me te kore ia. Ā, kāore e wātea he whakakapinga i roto i ngā wā tata nei.
2. E rua ngā waro i te ahi, i ringihia te kaha o te hiko karāhe
Ehara i te mea ko te maitai anake, he umanga nui hoki te whakapaunga pūngao me te nui o ngā tukunga hiko o te hanga hiko karāhe, kāore i te tino pai te whakawhānui ake i te kaha ā muri ake nei. E 1.7 tāne te waro paerewa e pau ana i te hanga hiko karāhe kotahi tāne, ā, ki te hurihia ki te 2.66 tāne o te hauhā waro mō ia tāne o te waro paerewa, e 4.5 tāne te hauhā waro e tukuna ana e te kotahi tāne o te hiko karāhe ki te āhuarangi. Kāore a Mongolia o Roto e whakaae ana ki te kaupapa hiko karāhe i tēnei tau, he tohu pai tēnei.
Nā te whāinga waro rua me te kaupapa matomato, i heke te putanga ā-tau o ngā irahiko karāhe mō te wā tuatahi i roto i ngā tau e whā. I te tau 2017, i te whakaoranga o te mākete maitai eAF o te ao, i akiaki i te tono mō te irahiko karāhe, kua piki ake te whakaputanga me te whakawhānui i te kaha o ngā kaitākaro irahiko karāhe, ā, i whakaatuhia e te irahiko karāhe i Haina mai i te tau 2017 ki te 2019 he ia tipu teitei.
Ko te mea e kiia nei ko te huringa, ko te kai mīti ki runga, ko te kai nūru ki raro.
Nā te nui rawa o te haumi me te hanga o te hiko karāpeti i roto i te umanga, i hua ake ai he nui rawa ngā taonga i te mākete, i huaki ai te ara heke o te umanga, ā, kua noho te whakakorenga o ngā rawa hei waiata matua. I te tau 2020, i heke te putanga whānui o te hiko karāpeti o te ao mā te 340,000 tana, tae atu ki te 22%, i heke anō hoki te putanga hiko karāpeti o Haina mai i te 800,000 tana ki te 730,000 tana, e matapaetia ana ka heke noa te putanga tuturu o tēnei tau.
Kotahi te pō i mua i te whakaoranga.
Kāore i te piki ake te kaha whakaputa, kāore he moni (iti te tawhē moni), kei te piki haere ngā utu o ngā rauemi mata. Ko te kōka hinu, ko te kōka ngira i tata nei kua piki ake i te 300-600 yuan/tana i te wiki. Nā te whakakotahitanga o ngā mea e toru, kotahi anake te kōwhiringa a ngā kaitākaro kōka, arā, ko te whakapiki i ngā utu. Nā ngā hua hiko kōka e toru noa, te mana teitei, te mana tino teitei i piki ake te utu. E ai ki te pūrongo a Baichuan Yingfu, ahakoa te pikinga o te utu, kei te iti tonu te mākete hiko kōka o Haina, tata kore rawa he rarangi hiko kōka i ētahi kaihanga, kei te piki tonu te tere whakahaere.
3. Te whakawhiti maitai, mō te wāhi whakaaro tuwhera mō te hiko karāhe
Mena ko ngā herenga whakaputa, ko te pikinga o ngā utu me te kore hua ngā āhuatanga e akiaki ana i te pikinga o te utu o ngā irahiko karāhe i muri i te mutunga o te huringa, ko te panonitanga o te umanga maitai ka whakatuwhera i te whakaaro mō te pikinga o te utu ā muri ake nei o ngā irahiko karāhe utu nui.
I tēnei wā, tata ki te 90% o te putanga maitai mata o te motu e ahu mai ana i te hanga maitai oumu pupuhi (coke), he nui te tukunga waro. I ngā tau tata nei, me ngā whakaritenga ā-motu mō te whakawhiti me te whakapai ake i te kaha o te maitai, te penapena pūngao me te whakaiti waro, kua huri ētahi kaihanga maitai mai i te oumu pupuhi ki te oumu pewa hiko. I tohuhia hoki e ngā kaupapa here e pā ana ki te tau kua hipa ko te putanga maitai o te oumu pewa hiko neke atu i te 15% o te putanga maitai mata katoa, ā, e whai ana kia eke ki te 20%. E ai ki te kōrero i runga ake nei, nā te mea he mea tino nui te hiko karāhe ki te oumu pewa hiko, ka whakapai ake hoki i ngā whakaritenga kounga o te hiko karāhe.
Ehara i te mea kāore he take e tika ana kia whakapai ake i te ōwehenga o te maitai EAF. E rima tau ki muri, kua eke te ōrau o te hanga maitai mata o te ao i roto i te oumu hiko pewa ki te 25.2%, ko te United States, ko te Kotahitanga o Europi 27 whenua he 62.7%, 39.4%, ā, he nui te wāhi e ahu whakamua ana tō tātou whenua i tēnei wāhanga, kia piki ake ai te tono mō ngā hiko karāhe.
Nō reira, ka taea te whakatau tata noa iho mēnā ko te putanga o te maitai EAF e tata ana ki te 20% o te putanga katoa o te maitai mata i te tau 2025, ā, ka tatauhia te putanga o te maitai mata i runga i te 800 miriona tana/tau, ko te tono mō ngā hiko karāpeti o Haina i te tau 2025 e tata ana ki te 750,000 tana. E matapaetia ana e Frost Sullivan kei te wātea tonu ētahi wāhi hei whakahaere i te hauwhā tuawhā o tēnei tau.
He pono ka tere te piki o te hiko karāpeti, kei te whitiki oumu pewa hiko te katoa.
4. Hei whakarāpopoto
Hei whakamutunga, he kaha ngā āhuatanga ā-wā o te hiko karāhe, ā, he tino māmā ngā āhuatanga tono, he nui te awe o te umanga maitai o raro. Whai muri i te huringa piki ake mai i te tau 2017 ki te 2019, i eke ki te taumata raro i te tau kua hipa. I tēnei tau, i raro i te taupatupatu o te rohe whakaputa, te iti o te hua moni me te utu nui, kua eke te utu o te hiko karāhe ki te taumata raro, ā, kei te piki tonu te tere whakahaere.
Ā tōna wā, me ngā whakaritenga whakawhiti matomato me te iti-waro o te umanga rino me te maitai, ka noho te maitai EAF hei whakakorikori nui hei akiaki i te pikinga o te tono mō ngā hiko karāpeti, engari he tukanga roa te whakawhiti me te whakapai ake. Tērā pea ehara i te mea ngāwari te pikinga o ngā utu mō ngā hiko karāpeti.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi-08-2021